{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408326055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dese63988.2024.10911971","title":"Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Machine Learning Algorithms for the Detection of Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Mellitus in Fingernails","display_name":"Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Machine Learning Algorithms for the Detection of Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Mellitus in Fingernails","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408326055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dese63988.2024.10911971"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dese63988.2024.10911971","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dese63988.2024.10911971","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 17th International Conference on Development in eSystem Engineering (DeSE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102744841","display_name":"Megan Wilson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9840-2272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63098007","display_name":"Liverpool John Moores University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zfme737","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Megan Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Liverpool John Moores University,Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences,Liverpool,United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liverpool John Moores University,Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences,Liverpool,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083103834","display_name":"Dhiya Al\u2010Jumeily","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9170-0568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63098007","display_name":"Liverpool John Moores University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zfme737","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dhiya Al-Jumeily Obe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Liverpool John Moores University,Computer Science and Mathematics,Liverpool,United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liverpool John Moores University,Computer Science and Mathematics,Liverpool,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005045471","display_name":"Ismail Abbas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7591-2296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160368002","display_name":"Lebanese University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x6qnc69","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160368002"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ismail Abbas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lebanese University,Faculty of Science,Beirut,Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lebanese University,Faculty of Science,Beirut,Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160368002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061071781","display_name":"Iftikhar Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4206-7663"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63098007","display_name":"Liverpool John Moores University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zfme737","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iftikhar Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Liverpool John Moores University,Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences,Liverpool,United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liverpool John Moores University,Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences,Liverpool,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035129570","display_name":"Jason Birkett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5682-512X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63098007","display_name":"Liverpool John Moores University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zfme737","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Birkett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Liverpool John Moores University,Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences,Liverpool,United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liverpool John Moores University,Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences,Liverpool,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051674131","display_name":"Matthew T. Harper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4740-637X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63098007","display_name":"Liverpool John Moores University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zfme737","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Harper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Liverpool John Moores University,Computer Science and Mathematics,Liverpool,United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liverpool John Moores University,Computer Science and Mathematics,Liverpool,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007113694","display_name":"Sulaf Assi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5142-9179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63098007","display_name":"Liverpool John Moores University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zfme737","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sulaf Assi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Liverpool John Moores University,Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences,Liverpool,United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Liverpool John Moores University,Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences,Liverpool,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63098007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15865081,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"375","last_page":"380"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.9781000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12994","display_name":"Infrared Thermography in Medicine","score":0.9503999948501587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","score":0.7038770914077759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectroscopy","display_name":"Spectroscopy","score":0.5009009838104248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared-spectroscopy","display_name":"Infrared spectroscopy","score":0.4733930826187134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43668821454048157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4204738736152649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared","display_name":"Infrared","score":0.41846179962158203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.41071152687072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3839203119277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3051949739456177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15845558047294617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.07831436395645142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endocrinology","display_name":"Endocrinology","score":0.06817415356636047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.7038770914077759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.5009009838104248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153642686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q70906","display_name":"Infrared spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.4733930826187134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43668821454048157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4204738736152649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.41846179962158203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41071152687072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3839203119277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3051949739456177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15845558047294617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.07831436395645142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.06817415356636047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dese63988.2024.10911971","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dese63988.2024.10911971","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 17th International Conference on Development in eSystem Engineering (DeSE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997541131","https://openalex.org/W2051978994","https://openalex.org/W2067915314","https://openalex.org/W2096062275","https://openalex.org/W2120293565","https://openalex.org/W2295124130","https://openalex.org/W2578572252","https://openalex.org/W2801068453","https://openalex.org/W2802540109","https://openalex.org/W2892421788","https://openalex.org/W2949986853","https://openalex.org/W3080221789","https://openalex.org/W3093777248","https://openalex.org/W4225405241","https://openalex.org/W4236586748","https://openalex.org/W4291821062","https://openalex.org/W4307726487","https://openalex.org/W4378472149","https://openalex.org/W6697671736"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2135375667","https://openalex.org/W4323652357","https://openalex.org/W1542038854","https://openalex.org/W4236933654","https://openalex.org/W2008512696","https://openalex.org/W2916853706","https://openalex.org/W2018674345","https://openalex.org/W2469340274","https://openalex.org/W117824151","https://openalex.org/W1982027788"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,111],"prevalence":[1],"of":[2,39,93,105,121,130,143],"cardiovascular":[3],"diseases":[4],"(CVDs)":[5],"and":[6,23,41,47,55,68,107,126,134,147],"diabetes":[7],"mellitus":[8],"(DM)":[9],"has":[10],"become":[11],"a":[12,60],"global":[13],"concern":[14],"with":[15,98],"figures":[16,33],"as":[17,19,78],"high":[18],"$\\mathbf{1":[20],"7.":[21],"9}$":[22],"$\\mathbf{1.":[24],"5}$":[25],"million":[26],"lives":[27],"lost":[28],"annually":[29],"[1,":[30],"2].":[31],"Global":[32],"also":[34],"suggested":[35],"that":[36],"the":[37,91,119,124,128,141],"majority":[38],"CVDs":[40,106],"DM":[42,108],"are":[43,70],"present":[44],"within":[45,123],"low-":[46],"middle-income":[48],"countries":[49],"(LMICs),":[50],"where":[51],"medical":[52],"equipment,":[53],"staff":[54],"training":[56],"is":[57],"limited.":[58],"As":[59],"result,":[61],"many":[62],"patients":[63],"go":[64],"underdiagnosed":[65],"or":[66,81],"undertreated":[67],"instead":[69],"left":[71],"to":[72,89,118],"manifest":[73],"into":[74],"further":[75],"complications":[76],"such":[77],"heart":[79],"failure":[80],"diabetic":[82,148],"ketoacidosis,":[83],"respectively.":[84],"Therefore,":[85],"this":[86],"study":[87],"aimed":[88],"investigate":[90],"use":[92],"nearinfrared":[94],"(NIR)":[95],"spectroscopy":[96],"paired":[97],"machine":[99],"learning":[100],"algorithms":[101],"(MLAs)":[102],"for":[103,140],"detection":[104],"in":[109],"fingernails.":[110,149],"findings":[112],"showed":[113],"key":[114],"NIR":[115],"bands":[116],"related":[117],"glycation":[120],"proteins":[122],"fingernails":[125],"indicated":[127],"presence":[129],"disease.":[131],"Furthermore,":[132],"binary":[133],"multi-class":[135],"classification":[136,142],"models":[137],"were":[138],"explored":[139],"healthy,":[144],"unhealthy,":[145],"CVD":[146]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
