{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4214864895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dese54285.2021.9719409","title":"Driver Drowsiness Detection System Using Deep Learning Based on Visual Facial Features","display_name":"Driver Drowsiness Detection System Using Deep Learning Based on Visual Facial Features","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4214864895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dese54285.2021.9719409"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dese54285.2021.9719409","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dese54285.2021.9719409","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608546","display_name":"2021 14th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 14th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051788938","display_name":"Mahamad Salah Mahmoud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6032-4937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58956616","display_name":"Case Western Reserve University","ror":"https://ror.org/051fd9666","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahamad Salah Mahmoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Case Western Reserve University,Department of Computer and Data Sciences,Cleveland,USA","Department of Computer and Data Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Case Western Reserve University,Department of Computer and Data Sciences,Cleveland,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Data Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075083686","display_name":"Anwar Jarndal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1873-2088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29891158","display_name":"University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/00engpz63","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anwar Jarndal","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sharjah,Electrical Engineering Department,Sharjah,UAE","Electrical Engineering Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sharjah,Electrical Engineering Department,Sharjah,UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011022041","display_name":"Ahmad Alzghoul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5716-6832"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158749337","display_name":"Princess Sumaya University for Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01jy46q10","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158749337"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Alzghoul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Princess Sumaya University for Technology,Department of Data Science,Amman,Jordan","Department of Data Science, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Amman, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Princess Sumaya University for Technology,Department of Data Science,Amman,Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158749337"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Data Science, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158749337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088724303","display_name":"Hossam Almahasneh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29891158","display_name":"University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/00engpz63","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hossam Almahasneh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sharjah,Sustainable Engineering Asset Management (SEAM) Research Group,Sharjah,UAE","Sustainable Engineering Asset Management (SEAM) Research Group, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sharjah,Sustainable Engineering Asset Management (SEAM) Research Group,Sharjah,UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sustainable Engineering Asset Management (SEAM) Research Group, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062252775","display_name":"Imad Alsyouf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6200-8919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29891158","display_name":"University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/00engpz63","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Imad Alsyouf","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sharjah,Sustainable Engineering Asset Management (SEAM) Research Group,Department of Industrial Management and Engineering Management,Sharjah,UAE","Department of Industrial Management and Engineering Management, Sustainable Engineering Asset Management (SEAM) Research Group, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sharjah,Sustainable Engineering Asset Management (SEAM) Research Group,Department of Industrial Management and Engineering Management,Sharjah,UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial Management and Engineering Management, Sustainable Engineering Asset Management (SEAM) Research Group, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089290117","display_name":"Abdul Hamid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2705-0043"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58956616","display_name":"Case Western Reserve University","ror":"https://ror.org/051fd9666","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Kadir Hamid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Case Western Reserve University,Department of Computer and Data Sciences,Cleveland,USA","Department of Computer and Data Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Case Western Reserve University,Department of Computer and Data Sciences,Cleveland,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Data Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58956616"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1247,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78181818,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9908","issue":null,"first_page":"453","last_page":"458"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12406","display_name":"IoT and GPS-based Vehicle Safety Systems","score":0.9592000246047974,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9193000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6357665061950684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.611132025718689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5613690614700317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5000412464141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.49207085371017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4827120006084442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.4672892689704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.41132768988609314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.2472935914993286}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6357665061950684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.611132025718689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5613690614700317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5000412464141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.49207085371017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4827120006084442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.4672892689704895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.41132768988609314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2472935914993286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dese54285.2021.9719409","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dese54285.2021.9719409","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608546","display_name":"2021 14th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 14th International Conference on Developments in eSystems Engineering (DeSE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523493493","https://openalex.org/W2087681821","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2115252128","https://openalex.org/W2120547399","https://openalex.org/W2121601095","https://openalex.org/W2130038676","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2217896605","https://openalex.org/W2302255633","https://openalex.org/W2341528187","https://openalex.org/W2417429787","https://openalex.org/W2520542635","https://openalex.org/W2605351369","https://openalex.org/W2802132828","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2995744782","https://openalex.org/W2997475949","https://openalex.org/W3101182682","https://openalex.org/W3101998545","https://openalex.org/W3102219349","https://openalex.org/W3159121990","https://openalex.org/W6631319189","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6677618333","https://openalex.org/W6698183232","https://openalex.org/W6736193500","https://openalex.org/W6794496667"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967587236","https://openalex.org/W2098693229","https://openalex.org/W2384651879","https://openalex.org/W2336272890","https://openalex.org/W4308999381","https://openalex.org/W3183843611","https://openalex.org/W4312238398","https://openalex.org/W3211418293","https://openalex.org/W4308999963","https://openalex.org/W2133653344"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Driver's":[0],"drowsiness":[1,31,89],"is":[2,125,159],"one":[3],"of":[4,8,24,84],"the":[5,12,16,42,81,109,123,157],"leading":[6],"causes":[7],"road":[9],"accidents":[10],"in":[11,52,63,94,112,150],"UAE":[13],"and":[14,54,98],"around":[15],"globe.":[17],"Many":[18],"lives":[19],"are":[20,59],"daily":[21],"lost":[22],"because":[23],"drowsy":[25,126],"driving":[26],"making":[27],"an":[28,34,113],"automatic":[29],"driver":[30,124,158],"detection":[32,90],"system":[33,91,102],"urgent":[35],"necessity":[36],"for":[37],"our":[38,64],"modern":[39],"society.":[40],"Over":[41],"past":[43],"few":[44],"years,":[45],"many":[46,145],"such":[47],"systems":[48],"have":[49],"been":[50],"investigated":[51],"academic":[53],"industry":[55],"research":[56],"but":[57],"none":[58],"yet":[60],"widely":[61],"used":[62],"day":[65,67],"to":[66,70,107],"life":[68],"due":[69],"high":[71],"cost,":[72],"or":[73,127,154],"limited":[74],"effectiveness.":[75],"In":[76],"this":[77],"paper,":[78],"we":[79],"present":[80],"first":[82],"steps":[83],"a":[85,117,138],"realtime,":[86],"non-intrusive,":[87],"smart":[88],"that":[92],"works":[93],"different":[95],"real-world":[96],"scenarios":[97,155],"lighting":[99],"conditions.":[100],"Our":[101,134],"utilizes":[103],"computer":[104],"vision":[105],"techniques":[106],"detect":[108],"driver's":[110],"face":[111],"infrared":[114],"video,":[115],"then":[116],"deep":[118],"neural":[119],"network":[120],"predicts":[121],"whether":[122],"not":[128],"based":[129],"only":[130],"on":[131],"their":[132],"face.":[133],"initial":[135],"experiments":[136],"report":[137],"promising":[139],"94.39%":[140],"prediction":[141],"accuracy":[142],"which":[143],"outperforms":[144],"previously":[146],"published":[147],"work":[148],"especially":[149],"night":[151],"time":[152],"conditions":[153],"where":[156],"wearing":[160],"sunglasses.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
