{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161712792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ddecs69233.2026.11520999","title":"Error Injecting Circuit: An Alternative to Discrete Gaussian Samplers","display_name":"Error Injecting Circuit: An Alternative to Discrete Gaussian Samplers","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161712792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ddecs69233.2026.11520999"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ddecs69233.2026.11520999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ddecs69233.2026.11520999","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE 29th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits and Systems (DDECS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125054534","display_name":"Andrea Marenco","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3020098449","display_name":"CEA Grenoble","ror":"https://ror.org/02mg6n827","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I3020098449"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085861","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Int\u00e9gration des Syst\u00e8mes et des Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/000dbcc61","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210085861","https://openalex.org/I4210117989"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899635006","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes","ror":"https://ror.org/02rx3b187","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Marenco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. Grenoble Alpes CEA, List,France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes CEA, List,France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I3020098449","https://openalex.org/I4210085861","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078620458","display_name":"Emanuele Valea","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9804-7250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738703131","display_name":"Commissariat \u00e0 l'\u00c9nergie Atomique et aux \u00c9nergies Alternatives","ror":"https://ror.org/00jjx8s55","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3020098449","display_name":"CEA Grenoble","ror":"https://ror.org/02mg6n827","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I3020098449"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085861","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Int\u00e9gration des Syst\u00e8mes et des Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/000dbcc61","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210085861","https://openalex.org/I4210117989"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899635006","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes","ror":"https://ror.org/02rx3b187","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emanuele Valea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. Grenoble Alpes CEA, List,France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes CEA, List,France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738703131","https://openalex.org/I3020098449","https://openalex.org/I4210085861","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071009840","display_name":"Elena Ioana Vatajelu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4588-1812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106785703","display_name":"Institut polytechnique de Grenoble","ror":"https://ror.org/05sbt2524","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899635006","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes","ror":"https://ror.org/02rx3b187","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Ioana Vatajelu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP,Grenoble,France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP,Grenoble,France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.2468000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.2468000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12899","display_name":"Engineering and Technology Innovations","score":0.16019999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.08129999786615372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.4320000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-process","display_name":"Gaussian process","score":0.3652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observational-error","display_name":"Observational error","score":0.3303000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.32190001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-noise","display_name":"Gaussian noise","score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-random-field","display_name":"Gaussian random field","score":0.2994000017642975}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.45410001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.4320000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4311000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61326573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496376","display_name":"Gaussian process","level":3,"score":0.3652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3391999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19619285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196372","display_name":"Observational error","level":2,"score":0.3303000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.32190001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4199805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725903","display_name":"Gaussian noise","level":2,"score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51267290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5527848","display_name":"Gaussian random field","level":4,"score":0.2994000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018824978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2894891","display_name":"Error analysis","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.2590999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.25529998540878296}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ddecs69233.2026.11520999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ddecs69233.2026.11520999","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE 29th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits and Systems (DDECS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05633450v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05633450","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEELink","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003056114","https://openalex.org/W2111809688","https://openalex.org/W2120860555","https://openalex.org/W2563052397","https://openalex.org/W3036379937"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Post-Quantum":[0],"Cryptography":[1],"(PQC)":[2],"schemes,":[3],"such":[4],"as":[5],"Learning":[6],"with":[7],"Errors":[8],"(LWE),":[9],"rely":[10],"on":[11],"adding":[12],"Gaussian":[13,44,49,104],"noise":[14,28,76,120],"to":[15,18,46,91,101],"arithmetic":[16,85],"operations":[17,81],"achieve":[19],"security":[20],"against":[21],"quantum":[22],"adversaries.":[23],"Efficient":[24],"generation":[25],"of":[26],"this":[27,65],"is":[29],"critical":[30],"for":[31,119,126],"hardware":[32,71,103,130],"implementations,":[33],"particularly":[34],"in":[35,98,128],"resource-constrained":[36],"environments":[37],"like":[38],"IoT":[39],"devices.":[40],"Traditional":[41],"approaches":[42],"employ":[43],"samplers":[45],"produce":[47],"discrete":[48],"noise,":[50],"but":[51],"these":[52],"methods":[53],"introduce":[54],"significant":[55],"area":[56,99],"overhead":[57],"and":[58,116],"latency,":[59],"limiting":[60],"their":[61],"practical":[62],"applicability.":[63],"In":[64],"work,":[66],"we":[67],"propose":[68],"a":[69,92],"novel":[70],"architecture":[72],"that":[73],"generates":[74],"Gaussian-like":[75],"using":[77],"controlled":[78],"XOR-based":[79],"bit-flip":[80],"integrated":[82],"directly":[83],"into":[84],"circuits.":[86],"Our":[87],"approach":[88],"achieves":[89],"up":[90],"<tex":[93],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[94],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$3":[95],"\\times$</tex>":[96],"reduction":[97],"compared":[100],"conventional":[102],"samplers,":[105],"while":[106],"introducing":[107],"negligible":[108],"delay.":[109],"The":[110],"resulting":[111],"architectures":[112],"provide":[113],"an":[114],"efficient":[115],"lightweight":[117],"solution":[118],"injection,":[121],"making":[122],"them":[123],"highly":[124],"suitable":[125],"deployment":[127],"constrained":[129],"platforms.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2026-05-20T00:00:00"}