{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2117626487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ddecs.2010.5491819","title":"Characterization of randomness sources in ring oscillator-based true random number generators in FPGAs","display_name":"Characterization of randomness sources in ring oscillator-based true random number generators in FPGAs","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2117626487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ddecs.2010.5491819","mag":"2117626487"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ddecs.2010.5491819","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ddecs.2010.5491819","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"13th IEEE Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002773092","display_name":"Boyan Valtchanov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100532134","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1","ror":"https://ror.org/029brtt94","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I203339264"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085887","display_name":"Laboratoire Hubert Curien","ror":"https://ror.org/0028p8r67","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I112936343","https://openalex.org/I113428412","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210085887","https://openalex.org/I4210091746","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4405259976","https://openalex.org/I4405259976","https://openalex.org/I4405263940","https://openalex.org/I48430043","https://openalex.org/I59692284"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boyan Valtchanov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR5516 CNRS, Universite de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France","Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR5516 CNRS, Universite de Lyon, 42000, Saint-Etienne, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR5516 CNRS, Universite de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085887","https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR5516 CNRS, Universite de Lyon, 42000, Saint-Etienne, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089788860","display_name":"Viktor Fischer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2574-0924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100532134","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1","ror":"https://ror.org/029brtt94","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I203339264"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085887","display_name":"Laboratoire Hubert Curien","ror":"https://ror.org/0028p8r67","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I112936343","https://openalex.org/I113428412","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210085887","https://openalex.org/I4210091746","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4405259976","https://openalex.org/I4405259976","https://openalex.org/I4405263940","https://openalex.org/I48430043","https://openalex.org/I59692284"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viktor Fischer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR5516 CNRS, Universite de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France","Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR5516 CNRS, Universite de Lyon, 42000, Saint-Etienne, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR5516 CNRS, Universite de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085887","https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR5516 CNRS, Universite de Lyon, 42000, Saint-Etienne, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066891633","display_name":"Alain Aubert","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100532134","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1","ror":"https://ror.org/029brtt94","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I203339264"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085887","display_name":"Laboratoire Hubert Curien","ror":"https://ror.org/0028p8r67","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I112936343","https://openalex.org/I113428412","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210085887","https://openalex.org/I4210091746","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4405259976","https://openalex.org/I4405259976","https://openalex.org/I4405263940","https://openalex.org/I48430043","https://openalex.org/I59692284"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alain Aubert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR5516 CNRS, Universite de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France","Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR5516 CNRS, Universite de Lyon, 42000, Saint-Etienne, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR5516 CNRS, Universite de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085887","https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR5516 CNRS, Universite de Lyon, 42000, Saint-Etienne, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110906295","display_name":"Florent Bernard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5909-3334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100532134","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1","ror":"https://ror.org/029brtt94","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I203339264"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085887","display_name":"Laboratoire Hubert Curien","ror":"https://ror.org/0028p8r67","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I112936343","https://openalex.org/I113428412","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210085887","https://openalex.org/I4210091746","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4405259976","https://openalex.org/I4405259976","https://openalex.org/I4405263940","https://openalex.org/I48430043","https://openalex.org/I59692284"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florent Bernard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR5516 CNRS, Universite de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France","Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR5516 CNRS, Universite de Lyon, 42000, Saint-Etienne, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR5516 CNRS, Universite de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085887","https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR5516 CNRS, Universite de Lyon, 42000, Saint-Etienne, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"48","last_page":"53"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.9396481513977051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.706476092338562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.5994333624839783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5711292624473572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring-oscillator","display_name":"Ring oscillator","score":0.5676707625389099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cpu-multiplier","display_name":"CPU multiplier","score":0.5123664140701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4578778147697449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.4376530945301056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-clock-manager","display_name":"Digital clock manager","score":0.4104382395744324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.39282622933387756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-skew","display_name":"Clock skew","score":0.377835214138031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3148200511932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-signal","display_name":"Clock signal","score":0.21870490908622742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.21009239554405212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.19222700595855713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18511971831321716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14597615599632263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.1409197747707367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.0805143415927887}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.9396481513977051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.706476092338562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.5994333624839783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5711292624473572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104111718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2153973","display_name":"Ring oscillator","level":3,"score":0.5676707625389099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125576049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2246273","display_name":"CPU multiplier","level":5,"score":0.5123664140701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4578778147697449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.4376530945301056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113074038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276052","display_name":"Digital clock manager","level":5,"score":0.4104382395744324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.39282622933387756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60501442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4382014","display_name":"Clock skew","level":4,"score":0.377835214138031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3148200511932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137059387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426882","display_name":"Clock signal","level":3,"score":0.21870490908622742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.21009239554405212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.19222700595855713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18511971831321716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14597615599632263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.1409197747707367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0805143415927887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ddecs.2010.5491819","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ddecs.2010.5491819","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"13th IEEE Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits and Systems","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:ujm-00470240v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ujm.hal.science/ujm-00470240","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"13-th IEEE Symposium on Design and Diagnostic of Electronic Circuits ans Systems (DDECS), Vienna, Austria (2010), Apr 2010, Vienna, Austria. pp.to be obtained","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W206649999","https://openalex.org/W1712912884","https://openalex.org/W2104340505","https://openalex.org/W2107217398","https://openalex.org/W2117205818","https://openalex.org/W2135205174","https://openalex.org/W2142355167","https://openalex.org/W2167352984","https://openalex.org/W2696718061","https://openalex.org/W2893778669","https://openalex.org/W3140517496"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3006003651","https://openalex.org/W2088914741","https://openalex.org/W4247180033","https://openalex.org/W2559451387","https://openalex.org/W2040807843","https://openalex.org/W2107880456","https://openalex.org/W4247089581","https://openalex.org/W4249038728","https://openalex.org/W2617666058","https://openalex.org/W2495024767"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,141],"paper":[1],"deals":[2],"with":[3,136],"the":[4,28,39,55,58,67,72,75,80,87,98,104,119,123,127,130,146,156,163,170,174,192,197],"characterization":[5],"of":[6,8,27,33,57,74,82,89,106,118,129,145,173,196],"sources":[7,96,183],"randomness":[9,34],"in":[10,20,35,43,134],"true":[11],"random":[12,60],"number":[13,105],"generators":[14],"aimed":[15],"at":[16],"cryptographic":[17],"applications":[18],"implemented":[19],"Field":[21],"Programmable":[22],"Gate":[23],"Arrays":[24],"(FPGA).":[25],"One":[26],"most":[29],"often":[30],"used":[31],"source":[32],"logic":[36],"devices":[37],"is":[38,63,149,188],"timing":[40,69],"jitter":[41,77,90,101,120,171,182],"present":[42],"clock":[44,76,147,176],"signals,":[45],"generated":[46,59],"using":[47,159],"ring":[48],"oscillators":[49],"(RO).":[50],"In":[51],"order":[52],"to":[53,65,180],"estimate":[54],"entropy":[56],"bit-stream,":[61],"it":[62],"necessary":[64],"characterize":[66],"employed":[68],"jitter.":[70],"Using":[71],"simulation":[73],"injection":[78],"into":[79],"gates":[81],"RO":[83],"we":[84,167],"show":[85,168],"that":[86,169],"proportion":[88],"from":[91],"uncorrelated":[92],"and":[93,115,177,194],"correlated":[94],"noise":[95],"on":[97,103,126,191],"overall":[99],"period":[100,148],"depends":[102],"delay":[107],"elements":[108],"(inverters).":[109],"We":[110],"also":[111],"propose":[112],"a":[113,137],"new":[114],"precise":[116],"method":[117,166],"measurement":[121,165],"outside":[122],"device":[124,132],"based":[125],"use":[128],"differential":[131,138],"outputs":[133],"conjunction":[135],"oscilloscope":[139],"probe.":[140],"measured":[142],"standard":[143],"deviation":[144],"more":[150],"than":[151,155],"two":[152],"times":[153],"smaller":[154],"one":[157],"obtained":[158],"traditional":[160],"methods.":[161],"Employing":[162],"proposed":[164],"profile":[172],"RO-generated":[175],"its":[178],"sensitivity":[179],"global":[181],"(e.":[184],"g.":[185],"deterministic":[186],"jitter)":[187],"strongly":[189],"dependent":[190],"architecture":[193],"topology":[195],"oscillator.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
