{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389544683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dcis58620.2023.10335986","title":"Comparative Analysis of Neural Network Implementations for NILM Applications","display_name":"Comparative Analysis of Neural Network Implementations for NILM Applications","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389544683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dcis58620.2023.10335986"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dcis58620.2023.10335986","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dcis58620.2023.10335986","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 38th Conference on Design of Circuits and Integrated Systems (DCIS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ebuah.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/10017/60336/3/Comparative_Martin_DCIS_2023.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004462281","display_name":"Jorge Mart\u00edn","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189268942","display_name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04pmn0e78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorge Mart\u00edn","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alcalá,Electronics Department,Alcalá de Henares,Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alcalá,Electronics Department,Alcalá de Henares,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032229346","display_name":"Laura de Diego","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189268942","display_name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04pmn0e78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura de Diego","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alcalá,Electronics Department,Alcalá de Henares,Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alcalá,Electronics Department,Alcalá de Henares,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092869715","display_name":"Miguel Tapiador","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9287-5244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189268942","display_name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04pmn0e78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Tapiador","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alcalá,Electronics Department,Alcalá de Henares,Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alcalá,Electronics Department,Alcalá de Henares,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063313091","display_name":"\u00c1lvaro Hern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9308-8133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189268942","display_name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04pmn0e78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00c1lvaro Hern\u00e1ndez","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alcalá,Electronics Department,Alcalá de Henares,Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alcalá,Electronics Department,Alcalá de Henares,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016818614","display_name":"Rub\u00e9n Nieto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8293-9665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182083151","display_name":"Universidad Rey Juan Carlos","ror":"https://ror.org/01v5cv687","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rub\u00e9n Nieto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rey Juan Carlos University,Electronics Technology Department,Móstoles,Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rey Juan Carlos University,Electronics Technology Department,Móstoles,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182083151"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2454,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.549174,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9761999845504761,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8266074061393738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.7008607983589172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.636986494064331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation","display_name":"Implementation","score":0.6360899806022644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5680950284004211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.5545472502708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5263631939888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.4907597005367279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4822862446308136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/floating-point","display_name":"Floating point","score":0.4438711404800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.43826133012771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3748568594455719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36767375469207764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3098266124725342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2087533175945282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1014295220375061}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8266074061393738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.7008607983589172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.636986494064331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26713055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245962","display_name":"Implementation","level":2,"score":0.6360899806022644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5680950284004211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.5545472502708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5263631939888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4907597005367279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4822862446308136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84211073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117879","display_name":"Floating point","level":2,"score":0.4438711404800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.43826133012771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3748568594455719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36767375469207764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3098266124725342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2087533175945282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1014295220375061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dcis58620.2023.10335986","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dcis58620.2023.10335986","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 38th Conference on Design of Circuits and Integrated Systems (DCIS)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ebuah.uah.es:10017/60336","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10017/60336","pdf_url":"https://ebuah.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/10017/60336/3/Comparative_Martin_DCIS_2023.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055200","display_name":"e_Buah","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ebuah.uah.es:10017/60336","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10017/60336","pdf_url":"https://ebuah.uah.es/dspace/bitstream/10017/60336/3/Comparative_Martin_DCIS_2023.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055200","display_name":"e_Buah","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1032624216","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"/AEI/10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1643949827","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1708258878","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TED2021-131773B-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2262748287","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G300979063","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3219925899","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3480869486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5080475149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5287110916","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2019-105470RA-C33","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5404395142","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10.13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5555131222","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6551962050","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6731524417","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7084143925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7266728691","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7340441588","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7535663061","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7805626310","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8497050386","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8516412140","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8684520763","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8702502177","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10.13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389544683.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4389544683.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2078921071","https://openalex.org/W2151729265","https://openalex.org/W2206393165","https://openalex.org/W2536620684","https://openalex.org/W2623166382","https://openalex.org/W2734543588","https://openalex.org/W2761004327","https://openalex.org/W2764060181","https://openalex.org/W2766863773","https://openalex.org/W2798084934","https://openalex.org/W2882982470","https://openalex.org/W2891483719","https://openalex.org/W2948816168","https://openalex.org/W3025030523","https://openalex.org/W3095472304","https://openalex.org/W3101493857","https://openalex.org/W3109573130","https://openalex.org/W3157538304","https://openalex.org/W3164606141","https://openalex.org/W3176270651","https://openalex.org/W4284695659","https://openalex.org/W4292873577","https://openalex.org/W6936597892"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120447654","https://openalex.org/W3028347934","https://openalex.org/W2185692674","https://openalex.org/W3204400881","https://openalex.org/W3214410901","https://openalex.org/W3204296682","https://openalex.org/W3183118997","https://openalex.org/W2917767146","https://openalex.org/W4280610722","https://openalex.org/W3185228140"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Non-Intrusive":[0],"Load":[1],"Monitoring":[2],"(NILM)":[3],"comprises":[4],"a":[5,17,27,34,50,74,81,96,108,112,124,129,153,158],"set":[6],"of":[7,41,104,151],"techniques":[8],"that":[9,45,56,78,137],"try":[10],"to":[11,116],"disaggregate":[12],"the":[13,23,38,42,86,138,145,149,163],"energy":[14],"consumption":[15],"in":[16],"household":[18],"or":[19],"building,":[20],"based":[21,122],"on":[22,85,123,128],"measurements":[24],"coming":[25,161],"from":[26,162],"single-point":[28],"smart":[29,88],"meter.":[30],"In":[31,90,131],"this":[32,91,93],"process,":[33],"key":[35],"step":[36],"is":[37],"load":[39,117],"identification":[40],"different":[43,101],"appliances":[44],"may":[46,71],"switched":[47],"on/off":[48],"during":[49],"certain":[51],"interval":[52],"under":[53],"analysis.":[54],"For":[55],"purpose,":[57],"machine-learning":[58],"techniques,":[59],"including":[60],"deep":[61],"neural":[62,106],"networks,":[63,107],"have":[64],"recently":[65],"been":[66],"involved.":[67],"These":[68],"classification":[69],"algorithms":[70],"often":[72],"imply":[73],"high":[75],"computational":[76],"cost,":[77],"might":[79],"compromise":[80],"possible":[82],"edge-computing":[83],"implementation":[84],"local":[87],"meters.":[89],"context,":[92],"work":[94],"presents":[95],"preliminary":[97,134],"comparison":[98],"between":[99],"two":[100],"real-time":[102],"implementations":[103,120],"both":[105],"dense":[109],"one":[110],"and":[111,127,157],"convolutional":[113],"one,":[114,147],"applied":[115],"classification.":[118],"The":[119],"are":[121],"FPGA":[125,139],"approach":[126],"processor.":[130],"general":[132],"terms,":[133],"results":[135],"show":[136],"solution":[140],"provides":[141],"lower":[142],"latencies":[143],"than":[144],"processor":[146],"at":[148],"expense":[150],"requiring":[152],"higher":[154],"design":[155],"effort":[156],"quantization":[159],"error":[160],"fixed-point":[164],"representation.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}