{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2098665512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/date.2011.5763174","title":"Waste-aware dilution and mixing of biochemical samples with digital microfluidic biochips","display_name":"Waste-aware dilution and mixing of biochemical samples with digital microfluidic biochips","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2098665512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/date.2011.5763174","mag":"2098665512"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/date.2011.5763174","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/date.2011.5763174","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 Design, Automation & Test in Europe","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083074030","display_name":"Sudip Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7873-3069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of CSE, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India","Dept. of CSE, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of CSE, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of CSE, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067730042","display_name":"Bhargab B. Bhattacharya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5890-2483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6498739","display_name":"Indian Statistical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00q2w1j53","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B B Bhattacharya","raw_affiliation_strings":["ACM Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, India","ACM UNIT, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, INDIA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ACM Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ACM UNIT, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, INDIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033880864","display_name":"Krishnendu Chakrabarty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4475-6435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K Chakrabarty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of ECE, Duke University, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, Duke University, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.5301,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":72,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99289672,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9850999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11407","display_name":"Innovative Microfluidic and Catalytic Techniques Innovation","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biochip","display_name":"Biochip","score":0.925036609172821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dilution","display_name":"Dilution","score":0.7306522727012634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microfluidics","display_name":"Microfluidics","score":0.656453549861908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixing","display_name":"Mixing (physics)","score":0.6100415587425232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5389180779457092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-engineering","display_name":"Process engineering","score":0.5250682234764099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reagent","display_name":"Reagent","score":0.504412055015564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.495309978723526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.47856405377388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.4690181612968445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lab-on-a-chip","display_name":"Lab-on-a-chip","score":0.465399831533432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.46376797556877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3435376286506653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.29637932777404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.23491311073303223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.22906586527824402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.21871989965438843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography","display_name":"Chromatography","score":0.1794920563697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.11298725008964539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08809003233909607}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87892846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864256","display_name":"Biochip","level":2,"score":0.925036609172821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96618451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3028008","display_name":"Dilution","level":2,"score":0.7306522727012634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8673954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138845","display_name":"Microfluidics","level":2,"score":0.656453549861908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138777275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6884054","display_name":"Mixing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6100415587425232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5389180779457092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.5250682234764099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40875361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2356542","display_name":"Reagent","level":2,"score":0.504412055015564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.495309978723526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.47856405377388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4690181612968445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138942068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633261","display_name":"Lab-on-a-chip","level":3,"score":0.465399831533432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46376797556877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3435376286506653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29637932777404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.23491311073303223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.22906586527824402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.21871989965438843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.1794920563697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11298725008964539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08809003233909607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/date.2011.5763174","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/date.2011.5763174","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 Design, Automation & Test in Europe","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1717854081","https://openalex.org/W1923960053","https://openalex.org/W1987882618","https://openalex.org/W2048296660","https://openalex.org/W2068561631","https://openalex.org/W2094075108","https://openalex.org/W2109508253","https://openalex.org/W2109834102","https://openalex.org/W2113162124","https://openalex.org/W2168567259","https://openalex.org/W2168958225","https://openalex.org/W2405466282","https://openalex.org/W4300421941","https://openalex.org/W6637490550","https://openalex.org/W6684940349"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1834829329","https://openalex.org/W2738065864","https://openalex.org/W1995422305","https://openalex.org/W2080016274","https://openalex.org/W2154811012","https://openalex.org/W2188930786","https://openalex.org/W4392425192","https://openalex.org/W2017735662","https://openalex.org/W1489367151","https://openalex.org/W2146795298"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"key":[1],"challenge":[2],"in":[3,83,137,165,179],"design":[4,146],"automation":[5],"of":[6,16,44,56,67,79,91,106,114,156,170,174,190,221,237,243],"digital":[7],"microfluidic":[8],"biochips":[9],"is":[10,32,39,252],"to":[11,49,52,63,75,203],"carry":[12],"out":[13],"on-chip":[14,47],"dilution/mixing":[15,149],"biochemical":[17],"samples/reagents":[18],"for":[19,182,196,233],"achieving":[20],"a":[21,27,68,184,188,206,211,244],"desired":[22],"concentration":[23],"factor":[24],"(CF).":[25],"In":[26,97],"bioassay,":[28],"reducing":[29],"the":[30,35,42,65,77,84,102,111,154,161,168,223,249],"waste":[31,36,45,95,107],"crucial":[33],"because":[34],"droplet":[37],"handling":[38],"cumbersome":[40],"and":[41,58,61,109,172,210,231],"number":[43,78],"reservoirs":[46],"needs":[48],"be":[50],"minimized":[51],"use":[53],"limited":[54],"volume":[55],"sample":[57,92,207],"expensive":[59],"reagents":[60],"hence":[62],"reduce":[64,76],"cost":[66],"biochip.":[69],"The":[70,176],"existing":[71],"dilution":[72,162,226],"algorithms":[73,118],"attempt":[74],"mix/split":[80],"steps":[81,181],"required":[82],"process":[85],"but":[86],"focus":[87],"little":[88],"on":[89,142,193],"minimization":[90],"requirement":[93],"or":[94],"droplets.":[96],"this":[98,139],"work,":[99],"we":[100,145,216],"characterize":[101],"underlying":[103],"combinatorial":[104],"properties":[105],"generation":[108],"identify":[110],"inherent":[112],"limitations":[113],"two":[115],"earlier":[116],"mixing":[117],"(BS":[119],"algorithm":[120,129,150,177,227],"by":[121,130],"Thies":[122],"et":[123,132],"al.,":[124,133],"Natural":[125],"Computing":[126],"2008;":[127],"DMRW":[128],"Roy":[131],"IEEE":[134],"TCAD":[135],"2010)":[136],"addressing":[138],"issue.":[140],"Based":[141,192],"these":[143],"properties,":[144],"an":[147,218,240],"improved":[148],"(IDMA)":[151],"that":[152,247],"optimizes":[153],"usage":[155],"intermediate":[157],"droplets":[158],"generated":[159],"during":[160],"process,":[163],"which":[164],"turn,":[166],"reduces":[167],"demand":[169],"sample/reagent":[171],"production":[173],"waste.":[175],"terminates":[178],"O(n)":[180],"producing":[183],"target":[185],"CF":[186,198],"with":[187],"precision":[189],"1/2n.":[191],"simulation":[194],"results":[195],"all":[197],"values":[199],"ranging":[200],"from":[201],"1/1024":[202],"1023/1024":[204],"using":[205],"(100%":[208],"concentration)":[209],"buffer":[212],"solution":[213],"(0%":[214],"concentration),":[215],"present":[217],"integrated":[219],"scheme":[220,251],"choosing":[222],"best":[224],"waste-aware":[225],"among":[228],"BS,":[229],"DMRW,":[230],"IDMA":[232],"any":[234],"given":[235],"value":[236],"CF.":[238],"Finally,":[239],"architectural":[241],"layout":[242],"DMF":[245],"biochip":[246],"supports":[248],"proposed":[250],"designed.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}