{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3144197728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/date.2008.4484808","title":"A Single-supply True Voltage Level Shifter","display_name":"A Single-supply True Voltage Level Shifter","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3144197728","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/date.2008.4484808","mag":"3144197728"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/date.2008.4484808","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/date.2008.4484808","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607582","display_name":"2008 Design, Automation and Test in Europe","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 Design, Automation and Test in Europe","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102793889","display_name":"Rajesh Garg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajesh Garg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033725315","display_name":"Gagandeep Mallarapu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gagandeep Mallarapu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021685706","display_name":"Sunil P. Khatri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7134-9929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunil P Khatri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4233,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81973134,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"979","last_page":"984"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-level","display_name":"Logic level","score":0.7625606656074524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-voltage","display_name":"Low voltage","score":0.7523741722106934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.6154971122741699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5234517455101013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","score":0.5007131099700928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4965978264808655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4832226037979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spice","display_name":"Spice","score":0.47912120819091797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-divider","display_name":"Voltage divider","score":0.467974454164505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overdrive-voltage","display_name":"Overdrive voltage","score":0.4142146706581116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-power-electronics","display_name":"Low-power electronics","score":0.4116092324256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3659853935241699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dropout-voltage","display_name":"Dropout voltage","score":0.3118433952331543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.2893199324607849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.12270551919937134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10333612561225891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146569638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173378","display_name":"Logic level","level":3,"score":0.7625606656074524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128624480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504817","display_name":"Low voltage","level":3,"score":0.7523741722106934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.6154971122741699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5234517455101013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5007131099700928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4965978264808655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4832226037979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780077345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16891888","display_name":"Spice","level":2,"score":0.47912120819091797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49324399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466758","display_name":"Voltage divider","level":3,"score":0.467974454164505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195905723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113634","display_name":"Overdrive voltage","level":5,"score":0.4142146706581116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117551214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6692774","display_name":"Low-power electronics","level":4,"score":0.4116092324256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3659853935241699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15032970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851210","display_name":"Dropout voltage","level":4,"score":0.3118433952331543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2893199324607849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.12270551919937134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10333612561225891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/date.2008.4484808","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/date.2008.4484808","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607582","display_name":"2008 Design, Automation and Test in Europe","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 Design, Automation and Test in Europe","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977095606","https://openalex.org/W2118358241","https://openalex.org/W2127578324","https://openalex.org/W2128748528","https://openalex.org/W2141238076","https://openalex.org/W2158161825","https://openalex.org/W2158305111","https://openalex.org/W4238999275"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4292868060","https://openalex.org/W2024816799","https://openalex.org/W2044172536","https://openalex.org/W2127578324","https://openalex.org/W2091326629","https://openalex.org/W3209480941","https://openalex.org/W3196410233","https://openalex.org/W3106621756","https://openalex.org/W3114822450","https://openalex.org/W2367229640"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"a":[1,7,15,25,36,57,68,91,126],"signal":[2],"traverses":[3],"on-chip":[4],"voltage":[5,19,29,76,79,88,106,143,160],"domains,":[6],"level":[8,30,77,80,137,144,161,172],"shifter":[9,138,173],"is":[10,139],"required.":[11],"Inverters":[12],"can":[13,66,83],"handle":[14,67,84],"high":[16,28,73,157],"to":[17,27,34,70,74,141,152,158],"low":[18,26,69,75,147,151,159],"shift":[20],"with":[21,146],"minimal":[22],"leakage.":[23],"For":[24],"translation,":[31],"inverters":[32],"tend":[33],"consume":[35],"large":[37],"amount":[38],"of":[39,52,103,169],"leakage":[40,148],"power,":[41],"and":[42,86,176],"hence":[43],"special":[44],"circuits":[45],"have":[46,164],"been":[47],"proposed":[48,120,171],"for":[49,114,149],"this":[50],"type":[51],"translation.":[53,89,162],"This":[54],"paper":[55],"reports":[56],"novel":[58],"single-supply":[59],"\"true\"":[60],"(in":[61],"the":[62,112,136,166,170],"sense":[63],"that":[64,135],"it":[65],"high,":[71,153],"or":[72,98],"conversion)":[78],"shifter,":[81],"which":[82],"low-to-high":[85],"high-to-low":[87],"Such":[90],"requirement":[92],"arises":[93],"in":[94,125],"many":[95],"modern":[96],"ICs":[97],"systems-on-chip":[99],"(SoCs).":[100],"The":[101,119],"use":[102],"single":[104],"supply":[105,117],"reduces":[107],"circuit":[108,121],"complexity":[109],"by":[110],"eliminating":[111],"need":[113],"routing":[115],"both":[116,150],"voltages.":[118],"was":[122],"extensively":[123],"simulated":[124],"90":[127],"nm":[128],"technology":[129],"using":[130],"SPICE.":[131],"Simulation":[132],"results":[133],"demonstrate":[134],"able":[140],"perform":[142],"shifting":[145],"as":[154,156,179],"well":[155],"We":[163],"validated":[165],"correct":[167],"operation":[168],"under":[174],"process":[175],"temperature":[177],"variations":[178],"well.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}