{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4232026127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/date.2004.1268845","title":"A probabilistic method for the computation of testability of RTL constructs","display_name":"A probabilistic method for the computation of testability of RTL constructs","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-06-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4232026127","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/date.2004.1268845"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/date.2004.1268845","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/date.2004.1268845","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608792","display_name":"Proceedings Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047648876","display_name":"J. Fernandes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1663-3334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121345201","display_name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento","ror":"https://ror.org/04mqy3p58","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121345201","https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.M. Fernandes","raw_affiliation_strings":["IST/INESC, Lisboa, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IST/INESC, Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121345201"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047445549","display_name":"Marcelino Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2091-1165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121345201","display_name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento","ror":"https://ror.org/04mqy3p58","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121345201","https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.B. Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["IST/INESC, Lisboa, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IST/INESC, Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121345201"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001327675","display_name":"Arlindo L. Oliveira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8638-5594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121345201","display_name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento","ror":"https://ror.org/04mqy3p58","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121345201","https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.L. Oliveira","raw_affiliation_strings":["IST/INESC, Lisboa, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IST/INESC, Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121345201"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004981668","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Teixeira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9943-3284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121345201","display_name":"Instituto de Engenharia de Sistemas e Computadores Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Desenvolvimento","ror":"https://ror.org/04mqy3p58","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121345201","https://openalex.org/I4210125590"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.C. Teixeira","raw_affiliation_strings":["IST/INESC, Lisboa, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IST/INESC, Lisboa, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121345201"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121345201"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"176","last_page":"181"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testability","display_name":"Testability","score":0.6969097852706909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6772018074989319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controllability","display_name":"Controllability","score":0.6580815315246582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/netlist","display_name":"Netlist","score":0.5112776756286621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.43586963415145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.4183044731616974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.41599828004837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.35415729880332947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3254384994506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22628584504127502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.16554290056228638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.1166505515575409}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51234621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2149495","display_name":"Testability","level":2,"score":0.6969097852706909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6772018074989319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48209547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331104","display_name":"Controllability","level":2,"score":0.6580815315246582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177650935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1760303","display_name":"Netlist","level":2,"score":0.5112776756286621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43586963415145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.4183044731616974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.41599828004837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.35415729880332947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3254384994506836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22628584504127502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.16554290056228638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.1166505515575409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/date.2004.1268845","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/date.2004.1268845","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608792","display_name":"Proceedings Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1886359205","https://openalex.org/W2096455207","https://openalex.org/W2103258167","https://openalex.org/W2103825248","https://openalex.org/W2108918590","https://openalex.org/W2137114625","https://openalex.org/W2143727503","https://openalex.org/W2145559872","https://openalex.org/W2152889194","https://openalex.org/W4232703903","https://openalex.org/W4237802631","https://openalex.org/W4242308495","https://openalex.org/W4251716291","https://openalex.org/W6639493273","https://openalex.org/W6681362172"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2170314243","https://openalex.org/W2119179026","https://openalex.org/W2794947590","https://openalex.org/W4386694274","https://openalex.org/W3146543203","https://openalex.org/W2795180100","https://openalex.org/W2099346120","https://openalex.org/W2119203629","https://openalex.org/W4244121214","https://openalex.org/W2373135325"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Validation":[0],"of":[1,6,41,76,79,97,123,134,158,198],"RTL":[2,80,104,113,136],"descriptions":[3],"remains":[4],"one":[5,147],"the":[7,11,49,74,77,90,95,116,121,124,128,132,135,140,155,170,177],"principal":[8],"bottlenecks":[9],"in":[10,45,92,102,188],"circuit":[12,50,125,151],"design":[13],"process.":[14],"Random":[15],"simulation":[16],"based":[17],"methods":[18],"for":[19,35,60,73,131,149],"functional":[20],"validation":[21],"suffer":[22],"from":[23,145],"fundamental":[24],"limitations":[25],"and":[26,56,85,126,153,174],"may":[27],"be":[28,180],"inappropriate":[29],"or":[30],"too":[31],"expensive.":[32],"In":[33,63],"fact,":[34],"some":[36],"circuits,":[37],"a":[38,68,111,184,195],"large":[39],"number":[40,197],"vector":[42],"is":[43,83,163,172],"required":[44],"order":[46,189],"to":[47,53,89,99,182,190],"make":[48],"reach":[51],"hard":[52,98],"test":[54,186],"constructs":[55,81,101],"obtains":[57],"accurate":[58,87],"values":[59,130],"their":[61,103],"testability.":[62],"this":[64],"work,":[65],"we":[66],"present":[67,166],"static,":[69],"non-simulation":[70],"based,":[71],"method":[72,107,162,178],"determination":[75],"controllability":[78,133],"that":[82,119,143,169],"efficient":[84],"gives":[86],"feedback":[88],"designers":[91],"what":[93],"regards":[94],"presence":[96],"control":[100],"code.":[105],"The":[106],"takes":[108],"as":[109],"input":[110],"Verilog":[112],"description,":[114],"solves":[115],"Chapman-Kolmogorov":[117],"equations":[118],"describe":[120,175],"steady-state":[122],"outputs":[127],"computed":[129],"constructs.":[137],"To":[138],"avoid":[139],"exponential":[141],"blow-up":[142],"results":[144,167],"writing":[146],"equation":[148],"each":[150],"state":[152],"solving":[154],"resulting":[156],"system":[157],"equations,":[159],"an":[160],"approximation":[161,171],"used.":[164],"We":[165],"showing":[168],"effective":[173],"how":[176],"can":[179],"used":[181],"bias":[183],"random":[185],"generator":[187],"achieve":[191],"higher":[192],"coverage":[193],"using":[194],"smaller":[196],"vectors.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}