{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390189443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc/picom/cbdcom/cy59711.2023.10361404","title":"LIDarknet: Experimenting the Power of Ensemble Learning in the Classification of Network Traffic","display_name":"LIDarknet: Experimenting the Power of Ensemble Learning in the Classification of Network Traffic","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390189443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc/picom/cbdcom/cy59711.2023.10361404"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dasc/picom/cbdcom/cy59711.2023.10361404","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dasc/picom/cbdcom/cy59711.2023.10361404","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Intl Conf on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing, Intl Conf on Pervasive Intelligence and Computing, Intl Conf on Cloud and Big Data Computing, Intl Conf on Cyber Science and Technology Congress (DASC/PiCom/CBDCom/CyberSciTech)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093577421","display_name":"Nabil Marzoug","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119856527","display_name":"Cadi Ayyad University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xf6nm78","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119856527"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nabil Marzoug","raw_affiliation_strings":["National School of Applied Sciences-Safi, Cadi Ayyad University,Morocco","National School of Applied Sciences-Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National School of Applied Sciences-Safi, Cadi Ayyad University,Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119856527"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National School of Applied Sciences-Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119856527"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093577422","display_name":"Khidhr Halab","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119856527","display_name":"Cadi Ayyad University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xf6nm78","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119856527"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khidhr Halab","raw_affiliation_strings":["National School of Applied Sciences-Safi, Cadi Ayyad University,Morocco","National School of Applied Sciences-Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National School of Applied Sciences-Safi, Cadi Ayyad University,Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119856527"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National School of Applied Sciences-Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119856527"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093577423","display_name":"Younes Mamma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119856527","display_name":"Cadi Ayyad University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xf6nm78","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119856527"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Younes Mamma","raw_affiliation_strings":["National School of Applied Sciences-Safi, Cadi Ayyad University,Morocco","National School of Applied Sciences-Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National School of Applied Sciences-Safi, Cadi Ayyad University,Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119856527"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National School of Applied Sciences-Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119856527"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045700817","display_name":"Fadoua Khennou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4972-4299"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154799132","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Moncton","ror":"https://ror.org/029tnqt29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154799132"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fadoua Khennou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Perception, Robotics, and Intelligent Machines, Université de Moncton,Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Perception, Robotics, and Intelligent Machines, Université de Moncton,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154799132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025769401","display_name":"Othmane El Meslouhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2421-3959"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119856527","display_name":"Cadi Ayyad University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xf6nm78","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119856527"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Othmane El Meslouhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["National School of Applied Sciences-Safi, Cadi Ayyad University,SARS Group,Morocco","SARS Group, National School of Applied Sciences-Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National School of Applied Sciences-Safi, Cadi Ayyad University,SARS Group,Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119856527"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SARS Group, National School of Applied Sciences-Safi, Cadi Ayyad University, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119856527"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17920756,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":null,"first_page":"1064","last_page":"1071"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8041980266571045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-classification","display_name":"Traffic classification","score":0.7867254018783569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.7319455146789551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6813434362411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.6757783889770508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.569495677947998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.492239385843277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4849291145801544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-classification","display_name":"Statistical classification","score":0.48293349146842957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.37109655141830444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.1820690929889679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.14170366525650024}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8041980266571045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169988225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832484","display_name":"Traffic classification","level":3,"score":0.7867254018783569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.7319455146789551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6813434362411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.6757783889770508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.569495677947998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.492239385843277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4849291145801544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110083411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744628","display_name":"Statistical classification","level":2,"score":0.48293349146842957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.37109655141830444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.1820690929889679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.14170366525650024}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dasc/picom/cbdcom/cy59711.2023.10361404","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dasc/picom/cbdcom/cy59711.2023.10361404","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 IEEE Intl Conf on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing, Intl Conf on Pervasive Intelligence and Computing, Intl Conf on Cloud and Big Data Computing, Intl Conf on Cyber Science and Technology Congress (DASC/PiCom/CBDCom/CyberSciTech)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3035764930","https://openalex.org/W3131230096","https://openalex.org/W3136205675","https://openalex.org/W3138251303","https://openalex.org/W3184628362","https://openalex.org/W3193303850","https://openalex.org/W4306406529","https://openalex.org/W4315928996"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2179036394","https://openalex.org/W2944292463","https://openalex.org/W3014252901","https://openalex.org/W2188759683","https://openalex.org/W4317376680","https://openalex.org/W4206905835","https://openalex.org/W4360777922","https://openalex.org/W3208169454","https://openalex.org/W1568303756","https://openalex.org/W2613715541"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,78,90],"Darknet":[1,27,50],"is":[2,46,95],"an":[3],"encrypted":[4],"corner":[5],"of":[6,22,67,92],"the":[7,26,64,75,113,124,141,152],"internet,":[8],"intended":[9],"for":[10,33,100],"users":[11],"who":[12],"wish":[13],"to":[14,48,54,96,111],"remain":[15],"anonymous":[16,24],"and":[17,41,56,87,102,144],"mask":[18],"their":[19],"identity.":[20],"Because":[21],"its":[23],"qualities,":[25],"has":[28],"become":[29],"a":[30,137,148],"go-to":[31],"platform":[32],"illicit":[34],"activities":[35],"such":[36],"as":[37],"drug":[38],"trafficking,":[39],"terrorism,":[40],"dark":[42],"marketplaces.":[43],"Therefore,":[44],"it":[45],"important":[47],"recognize":[49],"traffic":[51,85,101,153],"in":[52,71,140,151],"order":[53],"monitor":[55],"detect":[57],"malicious":[58],"online":[59],"activities.":[60],"This":[61],"paper":[62],"investigates":[63],"potential":[65],"effectiveness":[66],"machine":[68,131],"learning":[69,108,132],"algorithms":[70],"identifying":[72],"attacks":[73],"using":[74],"CICdarknet2020":[76],"dataset.":[77],"dataset":[79],"includes":[80],"two":[81],"distinct":[82],"classification":[83,104],"targets:":[84],"label":[86],"application":[88,103],"labels.":[89],"objective":[91],"our":[93,118],"research":[94],"identify":[97],"optimal":[98],"classifiers":[99],"by":[105],"employing":[106],"ensemble":[107],"methods,":[109],"aiming":[110],"achieve":[112],"highest":[114],"possible":[115],"results.":[116],"Through":[117],"experimentation,":[119],"we":[120],"have":[121],"found":[122],"that":[123],"best-performing":[125],"models":[126,133],"surpassing":[127],"all":[128],"other":[129],"state-of-the-art":[130],"are":[134],"LightGBM,":[135],"achieving":[136,147],"93.41%":[138],"f1-score":[139,150],"Application":[142],"classification,":[143],"Random":[145],"Forest,":[146],"99.8%":[149],"classification.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}