{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414197272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac63849.2025.11132988","title":"Self-Attention to Operator Learning-based 3D-IC Thermal Simulation","display_name":"Self-Attention to Operator Learning-based 3D-IC Thermal Simulation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414197272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac63849.2025.11132988"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dac63849.2025.11132988","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac63849.2025.11132988","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 62nd ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103632753","display_name":"Zhen Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0902-2321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China,School of Computer Science and Technology,Hefei,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China,School of Computer Science and Technology,Hefei,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100370875","display_name":"Hong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8098-4473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China,School of Computer Science and Technology,Hefei,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China,School of Computer Science and Technology,Hefei,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053365003","display_name":"Wenkai Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenkai Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["ShanghaiTech University,Shanghai,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ShanghaiTech University,Shanghai,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Muxi Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muxi Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University,Beijing,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045482715","display_name":"Depeng Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159389169","display_name":"Ningbo University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037dym702","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159389169"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Depeng Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["BTD Technology,Ningbo,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BTD Technology,Ningbo,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159389169"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101612957","display_name":"Ting-Jung Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5208-482X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting-Jung Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ningbo Institute of Digital Twin, Eastern Institute of Technology,Ningbo,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ningbo Institute of Digital Twin, Eastern Institute of Technology,Ningbo,China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118900072","display_name":"Y. Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-9091"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Science and Technology of China,School of Computer Science and Technology,Hefei,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology of China,School of Computer Science and Technology,Hefei,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020806445","display_name":"Wei Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3177-8478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei W. Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Sheffield,Sheffield,UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Sheffield,Sheffield,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100317887","display_name":"Lei He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8615-5673"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ningbo Institute of Digital Twin, Eastern Institute of Technology,Ningbo,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ningbo Institute of Digital Twin, Eastern Institute of Technology,Ningbo,China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11159","display_name":"Manufacturing Process and Optimization","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11159","display_name":"Manufacturing Process and Optimization","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11527","display_name":"3D IC and TSV technologies","score":0.9463000297546387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10998","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Optimization","score":0.9444000124931335,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.6675000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator","display_name":"Operator (biology)","score":0.6481000185012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal","display_name":"Thermal","score":0.6395999789237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4896000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.44440001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-transform","display_name":"Fourier transform","score":0.40549999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.3562000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-method","display_name":"Iterative method","score":0.3555000126361847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.6675000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.6481000185012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.6395999789237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4896000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4544000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.44440001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.40549999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.3562000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35600000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159694833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2321565","display_name":"Iterative method","level":2,"score":0.3555000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.33889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.31949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777952282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3354606","display_name":"Transfer operator","level":2,"score":0.3077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2039551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200297","display_name":"Thermal power station","level":2,"score":0.3043999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22367795","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7625208","display_name":"Structured prediction","level":2,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781170535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30587856","display_name":"Noisy data","level":2,"score":0.2831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81299745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334269","display_name":"Transfer function","level":2,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.25380000472068787}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dac63849.2025.11132988","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac63849.2025.11132988","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 62nd ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1538951169","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2129960401","https://openalex.org/W2138351227","https://openalex.org/W2781775972","https://openalex.org/W2781906737","https://openalex.org/W2899283552","https://openalex.org/W2909318183","https://openalex.org/W2942961753","https://openalex.org/W2963091558","https://openalex.org/W3043514336","https://openalex.org/W3153200540","https://openalex.org/W3190609540","https://openalex.org/W3197308578","https://openalex.org/W3209614935","https://openalex.org/W4229451260","https://openalex.org/W4253044402","https://openalex.org/W4297983972","https://openalex.org/W4311034768","https://openalex.org/W4321769279","https://openalex.org/W4367838711","https://openalex.org/W4384651960","https://openalex.org/W4386764223","https://openalex.org/W4389162439","https://openalex.org/W4389162748","https://openalex.org/W4392607657","https://openalex.org/W4397039710"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Thermal":[0],"management":[1],"in":[2],"3D":[3,115],"ICs":[4],"is":[5,72],"increasingly":[6],"challenging":[7],"due":[8],"to":[9,60,74],"higher":[10],"power":[11],"densities.":[12],"Traditional":[13],"PDESolving":[14],"based":[15],"methods,":[16,107],"while":[17],"accurate,":[18],"are":[19],"too":[20],"slow":[21],"for":[22,81,113],"iterative":[23],"design.":[24],"Machine":[25],"learning":[26,71],"approaches":[27],"like":[28],"FNO":[29,59],"provide":[30],"faster":[31],"alternatives":[32],"but":[33],"suffer":[34],"from":[35],"high-frequency":[36,67],"information":[37],"loss":[38],"and":[39,56,64,85,98],"high-fidelity":[40,83],"data":[41],"dependency.":[42],"We":[43],"introduce":[44],"Self-Attention":[45],"UNet":[46],"Fourier":[47],"Neural":[48],"Operator":[49],"(SAU-FNO),":[50],"a":[51],"novel":[52],"framework":[53],"combining":[54],"self-attention":[55],"U-Net":[57],"with":[58],"capture":[61],"longrange":[62],"dependencies":[63],"model":[65],"local":[66],"features":[68],"effectively.":[69],"Transfer":[70],"employed":[73],"fine-tune":[75],"low-fidelity":[76],"data,":[77],"minimizing":[78],"the":[79],"need":[80],"extensive":[82],"datasets":[84],"speeding":[86],"up":[87],"training.":[88],"Experiments":[89],"demonstrate":[90],"that":[91],"SAUFNO":[92],"achieves":[93],"state-of-the-art":[94],"thermal":[95,117],"prediction":[96],"accuracy":[97],"provides":[99],"an":[100,110],"$842":[101],"\\times$":[102],"speedup":[103],"over":[104],"traditional":[105],"FEM":[106],"making":[108],"it":[109],"efficient":[111],"tool":[112],"advanced":[114],"IC":[116],"simulations.":[118]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}