{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414197200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac63849.2025.11132815","title":"ALLMod: Exploring Area-Efficiency of LUT-based Large Number Modular Reduction via Hybrid Workloads","display_name":"ALLMod: Exploring Area-Efficiency of LUT-based Large Number Modular Reduction via Hybrid Workloads","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414197200","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac63849.2025.11132815"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dac63849.2025.11132815","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac63849.2025.11132815","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 62nd ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017670541","display_name":"Fangxin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8769-293X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fangxin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101399528","display_name":"Haoming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2939-6534"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haomin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107269495","display_name":"Zongwu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2157-4927"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zongwu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101932140","display_name":"Bo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7766-0467"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ant Group"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ant Group","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101985755","display_name":"Mingzhe Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6440-7550"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingzhe Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ant Group"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ant Group","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049135681","display_name":"Shoumeng Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9580-5395"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shoumeng Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ant Group"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ant Group","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100677298","display_name":"Li Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8085-3788"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049487451","display_name":"Haibing Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4714-7400"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haibing Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017670541"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.27650548,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9642000198364258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9642000198364258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.95660001039505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9491999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.7804999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.6567999720573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5885999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.5680999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.41990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-reduction","display_name":"Cost reduction","score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.3693999946117401}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.7804999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7307999730110168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6567999720573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5885999798774719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.5680999755859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.42080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.41990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778820799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454688","display_name":"Cost reduction","level":2,"score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.3693999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3483999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.33559998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.3212999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3140999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3075999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.2874000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.28610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134765980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q879126","display_name":"Bitwise operation","level":2,"score":0.2551000118255615}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dac63849.2025.11132815","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac63849.2025.11132815","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 62nd ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309612","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318398","display_name":"Ant Group","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337504","display_name":"Research and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/027s68j25"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498685334","https://openalex.org/W2152005134","https://openalex.org/W2606882085","https://openalex.org/W2990094262","https://openalex.org/W3001105680","https://openalex.org/W4232836212","https://openalex.org/W4237773356","https://openalex.org/W4245047333","https://openalex.org/W4318689599","https://openalex.org/W4376605449"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modular":[0],"arithmetic,":[1],"particularly":[2],"modular":[3,38,61,103],"reduction,":[4],"is":[5],"widely":[6],"used":[7],"in":[8,71,184],"cryptographic":[9],"applications":[10],"such":[11],"as":[12],"homomorphic":[13],"encryption":[14],"(HE)":[15],"and":[16,67,139,180,195],"zero-knowledge":[17],"proofs":[18],"(ZKP).":[19],"High-bit-width":[20],"operations":[21,39],"are":[22,29],"crucial":[23],"for":[24,64,154,191],"enhancing":[25],"security;":[26],"however,":[27],"they":[28],"computationally":[30],"intensive":[31],"due":[32,81],"to":[33,82,135,149,160,176],"the":[34,53,97,111,116,151,162],"large":[35],"number":[36,55],"of":[37,100,193],"required.":[40],"The":[41],"lookup-table-based":[42],"(LUT-based)":[43],"approach,":[44],"a":[45,92,133],"\u201cspace-for-time\u201d":[46],"technique,":[47],"reduces":[48],"computational":[49],"load":[50],"by":[51,105,110],"segmenting":[52],"input":[54],"into":[56,119],"smaller":[57],"bit":[58,117],"groups,":[59],"pre-computing":[60],"reduction":[62,104],"results":[63,70],"each":[65],"segment,":[66],"storing":[68],"these":[69],"LUTs.":[72],"While":[73],"effective,":[74],"this":[75,87],"method":[76],"incurs":[77],"significant":[78],"hardware":[79],"overhead":[80],"extensive":[83],"LUT":[84],"usage.":[85],"In":[86],"paper,":[88],"we":[89,144],"introduce":[90],"ALLMod,":[91],"novel":[93],"approach":[94],"that":[95,172],"improves":[96],"area":[98,125,185],"efficiency":[99,186],"LUT-based":[101,189],"largenumber":[102],"employing":[106],"hybrid":[107],"workloads.":[108],"Inspired":[109],"iterative":[112],"method,":[113],"ALLMod":[114,173],"splits":[115],"groups":[118],"two":[120],"distinct":[121],"workloads,":[122],"achieving":[123],"lower":[124],"costs":[126],"without":[127],"compromising":[128],"throughput.":[129],"We":[130],"first":[131],"develop":[132],"template":[134],"facilitate":[136],"workload":[137,156],"splitting":[138],"ensure":[140],"balanced":[141],"distribution.":[142],"Then,":[143],"conduct":[145],"design":[146,165],"space":[147],"exploration":[148],"evaluate":[150],"optimal":[152],"timing":[153],"fusing":[155],"results,":[157],"enabling":[158],"us":[159],"identify":[161],"most":[163],"efficient":[164],"under":[166],"specific":[167],"constraints.":[168],"Extensive":[169],"evaluations":[170],"show":[171],"achieves":[174],"up":[175],"$\\lt":[177],"sup\\gt1\\lt/sup\\gt|.65":[178],"\\times$":[179,182],"$3":[181],"improvements":[183],"over":[187],"conventional":[188],"methods":[190],"bit-widths":[192],"128":[194],"8,192,":[196],"respectively.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
