{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414197440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac63849.2025.11132561","title":"FlexStep: Enabling Flexible Error Detection in Multi/Many-core Real-time Systems","display_name":"FlexStep: Enabling Flexible Error Detection in Multi/Many-core Real-time Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414197440","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac63849.2025.11132561"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dac63849.2025.11132561","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac63849.2025.11132561","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 62nd ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100611530","display_name":"Tao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8453-4979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tinglue Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100346354","display_name":"Yiming Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0437-1661"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiming Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100743900","display_name":"Wei Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5056-3758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104243916","display_name":"Jiapeng Guan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiapeng Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dalian University of Technology,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dalian University of Technology,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060257341","display_name":"Zhong Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4443-9360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenghui Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111082059","display_name":"Renshuang Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renshuang Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Defense Technology,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088805952","display_name":"Ran Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2191-1359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ran Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lancaster University,UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lancaster University,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100336972","display_name":"Jing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6865-7290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118118575","display_name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05e74xb87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Jersey Institute of Technology,US"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Jersey Institute of Technology,US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118118575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102780663","display_name":"Zhe Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8509-3167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southeast University,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100611530"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.25842116,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9667999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9667999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9509999752044678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9487000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.666700005531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-detection-and-correction","display_name":"Error detection and correction","score":0.5842000246047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microarchitecture","display_name":"Microarchitecture","score":0.4408000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4332999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/many-core","display_name":"Many core","score":0.41659998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4041000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/processor-scheduling","display_name":"Processor scheduling","score":0.3982999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.39480000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-priority-scheduling","display_name":"Dynamic priority scheduling","score":0.37459999322891235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7091000080108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.666700005531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.5842000246047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4652000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107598950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259864","display_name":"Microarchitecture","level":2,"score":0.4408000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4332999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.42669999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020431745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325220","display_name":"Many core","level":2,"score":0.41659998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4041000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984822820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123036","display_name":"Processor scheduling","level":3,"score":0.3982999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.39480000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107568181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5319000","display_name":"Dynamic priority scheduling","level":3,"score":0.37459999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98025372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477538","display_name":"Systems architecture","level":3,"score":0.36899998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.36730000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.362199991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.3441999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154474529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1658917","display_name":"Soft error","level":2,"score":0.34130001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122141398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5456330","display_name":"Fixed-priority pre-emptive scheduling","level":5,"score":0.31690001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.29840001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31689143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q733809","display_name":"Fair-share scheduling","level":3,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35869016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846636","display_name":"Software architecture","level":3,"score":0.29420000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78766204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555032","display_name":"Multi-core processor","level":2,"score":0.2874000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.26510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119948110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7858726","display_name":"Two-level scheduling","level":4,"score":0.25360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dac63849.2025.11132561","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac63849.2025.11132561","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 62nd ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324856","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337504","display_name":"Research and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/027s68j25"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997557955","https://openalex.org/W2010043262","https://openalex.org/W2030260865","https://openalex.org/W2036853599","https://openalex.org/W2073844725","https://openalex.org/W2106864957","https://openalex.org/W2141440050","https://openalex.org/W2402686027","https://openalex.org/W2413124210","https://openalex.org/W2527746514","https://openalex.org/W2528344430","https://openalex.org/W2743865483","https://openalex.org/W2884267664","https://openalex.org/W2884663571","https://openalex.org/W2886902458","https://openalex.org/W2896450076","https://openalex.org/W2918551194","https://openalex.org/W2950730845","https://openalex.org/W2969767631","https://openalex.org/W3017582234","https://openalex.org/W3027968530","https://openalex.org/W3041364017","https://openalex.org/W3047224978","https://openalex.org/W3122481748","https://openalex.org/W3133387974","https://openalex.org/W3138190107","https://openalex.org/W3183922831","https://openalex.org/W3196202466","https://openalex.org/W3201134997","https://openalex.org/W3212192930","https://openalex.org/W4286220308","https://openalex.org/W4313496544","https://openalex.org/W4389196041","https://openalex.org/W4400447853"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reliability":[0],"and":[1,43,63,80,86,100,114,126],"real-time":[2,45,127],"responsiveness":[3],"in":[4,47],"safety-critical":[5],"systems":[6,49],"have":[7],"traditionally":[8],"been":[9],"achieved":[10],"using":[11],"error":[12,26,103,115],"detection":[13,27],"mechanisms,":[14],"such":[15],"as":[16],"LockStep,":[17],"which":[18],"require":[19],"pre-configured":[20],"checker":[21],"cores,":[22],"strict":[23],"synchronisation,":[24],"static":[25],"regions,":[28],"or":[29],"limited":[30],"preemptions.":[31],"However,":[32],"these":[33,68],"core-bound":[34],"hardware":[35,79],"mechanisms":[36],"often":[37],"lead":[38],"to":[39],"significant":[40],"resource":[41,124],"over-provisioning":[42],"diminished":[44],"performance":[46],"modern":[48],"where":[50],"tasks":[51],"with":[52],"varying":[53],"reliability":[54],"requirements":[55],"are":[56],"consolidated":[57],"on":[58],"shared":[59],"processors":[60],"for":[61,110],"efficiency":[62,125],"cost":[64],"reduction.":[65],"To":[66],"address":[67],"challenges,":[69],"this":[70],"work":[71],"presents":[72],"FlexStep,":[73],"a":[74,92],"systematic":[75],"solution":[76],"that":[77,95,121],"integrates":[78],"software":[81],"across":[82],"the":[83],"SoC,":[84],"ISA,":[85],"OS":[87],"scheduling":[88,113,119],"layers.":[89],"FlexStep":[90,106],"features":[91],"novel":[93],"microarchitecture":[94],"supports":[96],"dynamic":[97],"core":[98],"configuration":[99],"asynchronous,":[101],"preemptive":[102],"detection.":[104],"The":[105],"architecture":[107],"naturally":[108],"allows":[109],"flexible":[111],"task":[112],"detection,":[116],"enabling":[117],"new":[118],"algorithms":[120],"enhance":[122],"both":[123],"schedulability.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
