{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414199205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac63849.2025.11132466","title":"ADVeRL-ELF: ADVersarial ELF Malware Generation using Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"ADVeRL-ELF: ADVersarial ELF Malware Generation using Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414199205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac63849.2025.11132466"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dac63849.2025.11132466","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac63849.2025.11132466","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 62nd ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065222882","display_name":"Akshara Ravi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1470-6476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113248","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad","ror":"https://ror.org/0264cg909","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113248"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Akshara Ravi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Department of CSE,Palakkad,India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Department of CSE,Palakkad,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113248"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033371948","display_name":"Vivek Chaturvedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1358-0107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113248","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad","ror":"https://ror.org/0264cg909","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113248"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vivek Chaturvedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology,Department of CSE,Palakkad,India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology,Department of CSE,Palakkad,India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113248"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005190949","display_name":"Muhammad Shafique","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2607-8135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Shafique","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University,eBRAIN Lab, Division of Engineering,Abu Dhabi,UAE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University,eBRAIN Lab, Division of Engineering,Abu Dhabi,UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065222882"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113248"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4129,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84787633,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9509999752044678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.8503999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executable","display_name":"Executable","score":0.7052000164985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6516000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5392000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-machine-learning","display_name":"Adversarial machine learning","score":0.4683000147342682}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.8503999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.770799994468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160145156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778586","display_name":"Executable","level":2,"score":0.7052000164985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6516000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5753999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5392000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778403875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20312394","display_name":"Adversarial machine learning","level":3,"score":0.4683000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.44670000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.43309998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3506050","display_name":"Cryptovirology","level":3,"score":0.4302000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4226999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.42170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781045450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254569","display_name":"Backdoor","level":2,"score":0.29120001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779395397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15731404","display_name":"Malware analysis","level":3,"score":0.2587999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.2524000108242035}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dac63849.2025.11132466","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac63849.2025.11132466","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 62nd ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330069","display_name":"Tamkeen","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2056107175","https://openalex.org/W2360903897","https://openalex.org/W2889474744","https://openalex.org/W2903774075","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2966708309","https://openalex.org/W3020273542","https://openalex.org/W3110432551","https://openalex.org/W3164891553","https://openalex.org/W3209247505","https://openalex.org/W3213482711","https://openalex.org/W4214483364","https://openalex.org/W4281385582","https://openalex.org/W4286377411","https://openalex.org/W4291474832","https://openalex.org/W4293846201","https://openalex.org/W4310113586","https://openalex.org/W4386568539","https://openalex.org/W4388726911","https://openalex.org/W4391529041","https://openalex.org/W4392942135","https://openalex.org/W4403421179"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning":[1,58],"models":[2,29],"are":[3],"now":[4],"pervasive":[5],"in":[6],"the":[7,25,71,94],"malware":[8,41,65,88,97],"detection":[9,98],"domain":[10],"owing":[11],"to":[12,23,61,92],"their":[13,37],"high":[14],"accuracy":[15],"and":[16],"performance":[17],"efficiency.":[18],"However,":[19],"it":[20],"is":[21],"critical":[22],"analyze":[24],"robustness":[26],"of":[27,84],"these":[28],"by":[30,66],"introducing":[31],"adversarial":[32,40,63,87],"attacks":[33],"that":[34,77],"can":[35,89],"expose":[36],"vulnerabilities.":[38],"Nevertheless,":[39],"generation":[42],"problem":[43],"for":[44],"Linux":[45,95],"has":[46],"not":[47],"been":[48],"well-investigated.":[49],"In":[50],"this":[51],"work,":[52],"we":[53],"propose":[54],"a":[55],"novel":[56],"reinforcement":[57],"framework,":[59],"ADVeRL-ELF":[60,78],"generate":[62],"ELF":[64],"adding":[67],"semantic":[68],"NOPs":[69],"within":[70],"executable":[72],"region.":[73],"Experimental":[74],"results":[75],"show":[76],"achieved":[79],"an":[80],"attack":[81],"success":[82],"rate":[83],"59.5%.":[85],"These":[86],"be":[90],"leveraged":[91],"harden":[93],"based":[96],"systems.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}