{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386764955","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac56929.2023.10247791","title":"A Model-Specific End-to-End Design Methodology for Resource-Constrained TinyML Hardware","display_name":"A Model-Specific End-to-End Design Methodology for Resource-Constrained TinyML Hardware","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386764955","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac56929.2023.10247791"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dac56929.2023.10247791","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac56929.2023.10247791","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 60th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085097472","display_name":"Yanchi Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5321-8297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yanchi Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University,Beijing,China","Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088551028","display_name":"Tianyu Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4570-4613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyu Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University,Beijing,China","Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068138396","display_name":"Kaixuan Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5084-9007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaixuan Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University,Beijing,China","Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114069394","display_name":"Yiqi Jing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7690-5356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiqi Jing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University,Beijing,China","Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062171476","display_name":"Qijun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0427-9697"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qijun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nano Core Chip Electronic Technology,Hangzhou,China","Nano Core Chip Electronic Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nano Core Chip Electronic Technology,Hangzhou,China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nano Core Chip Electronic Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113349042","display_name":"Pixian Zhan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pixian Zhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nano Core Chip Electronic Technology,Hangzhou,China","Nano Core Chip Electronic Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nano Core Chip Electronic Technology,Hangzhou,China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nano Core Chip Electronic Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100330174","display_name":"Yadong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0918-5673"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yadong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nano Core Chip Electronic Technology,Hangzhou,China","Nano Core Chip Electronic Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nano Core Chip Electronic Technology,Hangzhou,China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nano Core Chip Electronic Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102362706","display_name":"Fengyun Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengyun Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nano Core Chip Electronic Technology,Hangzhou,China","Nano Core Chip Electronic Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nano Core Chip Electronic Technology,Hangzhou,China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nano Core Chip Electronic Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068840674","display_name":"Yufei Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2670-524X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yufei Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University,Beijing,China","Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100604860","display_name":"Yun Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9076-7998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University,Beijing,China","Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003039083","display_name":"Le Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0599-7762"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Le Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University,Beijing,China","Peking University, Beijing, China","Advanced Institute of Information Techonology of Peking University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Institute of Information Techonology of Peking University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062886480","display_name":"Ru Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8146-4821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ru Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peking University,Beijing,China","Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University,Beijing,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085097472"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9839,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78093395,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-to-end-principle","display_name":"End-to-end principle","score":0.7341827750205994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6945463418960571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6441267132759094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-space-exploration","display_name":"Design space exploration","score":0.6072945594787598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-methods","display_name":"Design methods","score":0.582033634185791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.4601180851459503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4471453130245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.44566667079925537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.43545156717300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.4109705090522766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4007493853569031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3899012804031372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3149109482765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1444178819656372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.10224059224128723}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74296488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2527392","display_name":"End-to-end principle","level":2,"score":0.7341827750205994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6945463418960571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6441267132759094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776221188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21072556","display_name":"Design space exploration","level":2,"score":0.6072945594787598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138852830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2292993","display_name":"Design methods","level":2,"score":0.582033634185791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.4601180851459503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4471453130245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.44566667079925537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.43545156717300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.4109705090522766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4007493853569031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3899012804031372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3149109482765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1444178819656372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.10224059224128723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dac56929.2023.10247791","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac56929.2023.10247791","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 60th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979318985","https://openalex.org/W2940862705","https://openalex.org/W2998732502","https://openalex.org/W3044604993","https://openalex.org/W3094136258","https://openalex.org/W3094272606","https://openalex.org/W3101856175","https://openalex.org/W3157671281","https://openalex.org/W3213528054","https://openalex.org/W4220782773","https://openalex.org/W4220837341","https://openalex.org/W4226089581","https://openalex.org/W4280535785","https://openalex.org/W4308083753","https://openalex.org/W4377295722","https://openalex.org/W6780827055","https://openalex.org/W6784581357","https://openalex.org/W6785458485","https://openalex.org/W6797184042","https://openalex.org/W6810331987","https://openalex.org/W6810341952","https://openalex.org/W6838374459"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111062328","https://openalex.org/W2108386578","https://openalex.org/W1572417577","https://openalex.org/W91363257","https://openalex.org/W2142450926","https://openalex.org/W3139655666","https://openalex.org/W2118185763","https://openalex.org/W1550409889","https://openalex.org/W2000001288","https://openalex.org/W2075808029"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tiny":[0,124],"machine":[1,9],"learning":[2,10],"(TinyML)":[3],"becomes":[4],"appealing":[5],"as":[6],"it":[7],"enables":[8],"on":[11,115],"resource-constrained":[12],"devices":[13],"with":[14,149],"ultra":[15],"low":[16],"energy":[17,151],"and":[18,51,119,126,152],"small":[19],"form":[20],"factor.":[21],"In":[22],"this":[23],"paper,":[24],"a":[25,89,103,127,156],"model-specific":[26,110],"end-to-end":[27,40,138],"design":[28,59,73,93,101,111,139],"methodology":[29,112],"is":[30,113],"presented":[31],"for":[32,83,122,155],"TinyML":[33,143,159],"hardware":[34,100,144],"design.":[35,132],"First,":[36],"we":[37,69,87],"introduce":[38],"an":[39,71,141],"system":[41],"evaluation":[42],"method":[43,95],"using":[44],"Roofline":[45],"models,":[46],"which":[47],"considering":[48],"both":[49,116],"AI":[50,67],"other":[52],"general-purpose":[53],"computing":[54],"to":[55,62,78,96],"guide":[56],"the":[57,64,98,134],"architecture":[58],"choices.":[60],"Second,":[61],"improve":[63],"efficiency":[65],"of":[66,105,136,158],"computation,":[68],"develop":[70],"enhanced":[72],"space":[74],"exploration":[75],"framework,":[76],"TinyScale,":[77],"enable":[79],"optimal":[80,99,142],"low-voltage":[81],"operation":[82],"energy-efficient":[84],"TinyML.":[85],"Finally,":[86],"present":[88],"use":[90,107,160],"case":[91],"driven":[92],"selection":[94],"search":[97],"across":[102],"set":[104],"application":[106],"cases.":[108,161],"Our":[109],"evaluated":[114],"TSMC":[117],"22nm":[118],"55nm":[120],"technology":[121],"MLPerf":[123],"benchmark":[125],"keyword":[128],"spotting":[129],"(KWS)":[130],"SoC":[131],"With":[133],"help":[135],"our":[137],"methodology,":[140],"can":[145],"be":[146],"automatically":[147],"explored":[148],"significant":[150],"EDP":[153],"improvements":[154],"diverse":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}