{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386764161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac56929.2023.10247746","title":"An FPGA-Compatible TRNG with Ultra-High Throughput and Energy Efficiency","display_name":"An FPGA-Compatible TRNG with Ultra-High Throughput and Energy Efficiency","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386764161","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac56929.2023.10247746"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dac56929.2023.10247746","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac56929.2023.10247746","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 60th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033897386","display_name":"Zhaojun Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5467-6597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhaojun Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology,School of Cyber Science and Engineering","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology,School of Cyber Science and Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092876730","display_name":"Houjia Qidiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Houjia Qidiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology,School of Cyber Science and Engineering","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology,School of Cyber Science and Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101668038","display_name":"Qidong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4076-5821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qidong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology,School of Cyber Science and Engineering","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology,School of Cyber Science and Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102739412","display_name":"Zhenglin Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenglin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology,School of Cyber Science and Engineering","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology,School of Cyber Science and Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100680951","display_name":"Jiliang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8712-2964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiliang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan University,College of Semiconductors (College of Integrated Circuits)","College of Semiconductors (College of Integrated Circuits), Hunan University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan University,College of Semiconductors (College of Integrated Circuits)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Semiconductors (College of Integrated Circuits), Hunan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033897386"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3367,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90561086,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.8738970160484314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.7991058826446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7395027279853821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-portability","display_name":"Software portability","score":0.7280504107475281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6320036053657532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.6311319470405579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.5908622145652771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.5755495429039001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5237880945205688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.47819045186042786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness-tests","display_name":"Randomness tests","score":0.4155252277851105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3851702809333801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3805910348892212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.36810439825057983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.20001646876335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1310499906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09351924061775208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08938384056091309}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.8738970160484314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.7991058826446533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7395027279853821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63000827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3080428","display_name":"Software portability","level":2,"score":0.7280504107475281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6320036053657532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.6311319470405579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.5908622145652771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.5755495429039001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5237880945205688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.47819045186042786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18017163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13560113","display_name":"Randomness tests","level":3,"score":0.4155252277851105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3851702809333801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3805910348892212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.36810439825057983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.20001646876335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1310499906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09351924061775208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08938384056091309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dac56929.2023.10247746","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac56929.2023.10247746","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 60th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009344618","https://openalex.org/W2117205818","https://openalex.org/W2118565267","https://openalex.org/W2784781042","https://openalex.org/W2811230938","https://openalex.org/W2947486590","https://openalex.org/W2988144595","https://openalex.org/W3084879446","https://openalex.org/W3094286525","https://openalex.org/W3107348029","https://openalex.org/W3170227372","https://openalex.org/W3207886650","https://openalex.org/W4226249155","https://openalex.org/W4232122552","https://openalex.org/W4243494487","https://openalex.org/W4293370535","https://openalex.org/W4294599620","https://openalex.org/W4312377982","https://openalex.org/W6825343983","https://openalex.org/W6843002889","https://openalex.org/W6847404519"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4378574941","https://openalex.org/W236957874","https://openalex.org/W2786245220","https://openalex.org/W2360514482","https://openalex.org/W2109259595","https://openalex.org/W2344061241","https://openalex.org/W2032644301","https://openalex.org/W2316835829","https://openalex.org/W2005418990","https://openalex.org/W3134921237"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"design":[4],"an":[5],"energy-efficient":[6],"true":[7],"random":[8,46],"number":[9],"generator":[10],"with":[11],"ultra-high":[12],"throughput":[13],"for":[14,60],"FPGA.":[15],"Only":[16],"four":[17],"ring":[18],"oscillators":[19],"constructed":[20],"using":[21],"eight":[22],"LUTs":[23],"are":[24],"sampled":[25],"by":[26],"multiple":[27],"sampling":[28],"points":[29],"to":[30],"fully":[31],"exploit":[32],"the":[33,36,74,85],"randomness":[34],"of":[35,89],"entropy":[37,91],"source,":[38],"which":[39],"provides":[40],"high-quality":[41],"and":[42,55,63,78,83,92],"over":[43],"275":[44],"Mbps":[45],"sequences":[47],"while":[48],"consuming":[49],"13":[50],"slices.":[51],"An":[52],"end-to-end":[53],"implementation":[54],"testing":[56],"framework":[57],"is":[58],"tailored":[59],"easy":[61],"deployment":[62],"portability":[64],"on":[65],"Xilinx":[66],"7":[67],"serials":[68],"FPGAs.":[69],"The":[70],"proposed":[71],"architecture":[72],"passes":[73],"NIST":[75],"SP":[76],"800-22":[77],"800-90B":[79],"tests":[80],"without":[81],"post-processing":[82],"outperforms":[84],"state-of-the-art":[86],"in":[87],"terms":[88],"minimum":[90],"energy":[93],"efficiency.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}