{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386764044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac56929.2023.10247696","title":"CHAM: A Customized Homomorphic Encryption Accelerator for Fast Matrix-Vector Product","display_name":"CHAM: A Customized Homomorphic Encryption Accelerator for Fast Matrix-Vector Product","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386764044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac56929.2023.10247696"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dac56929.2023.10247696","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac56929.2023.10247696","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 60th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031481481","display_name":"Xuanle Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8272-1164"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086143","display_name":"Alibaba Group (Cayman Islands)","ror":"https://ror.org/00mnrxf72","country_code":"KY","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086143","https://openalex.org/I45928872"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN","KY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xuanle Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group,DAMO Academy,China","DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group,DAMO Academy,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100750361","display_name":"Zhaohui Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8870-9564"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086143","display_name":"Alibaba Group (Cayman Islands)","ror":"https://ror.org/00mnrxf72","country_code":"KY","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086143","https://openalex.org/I45928872"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN","KY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaohui Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group,DAMO Academy,China","DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, China","Peking University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group,DAMO Academy,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peking University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103152639","display_name":"Zhen Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7067-492X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086143","display_name":"Alibaba Group (Cayman Islands)","ror":"https://ror.org/00mnrxf72","country_code":"KY","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086143","https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN","KY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group,DAMO Academy,China","DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, China","Tsinghua University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group,DAMO Academy,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100576340","display_name":"Yanheng Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4024-6125"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086143","display_name":"Alibaba Group (Cayman Islands)","ror":"https://ror.org/00mnrxf72","country_code":"KY","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086143","https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN","KY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanheng Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group,DAMO Academy,China","DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group,DAMO Academy,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039625125","display_name":"Ruiguang Zhong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086143","display_name":"Alibaba Group (Cayman Islands)","ror":"https://ror.org/00mnrxf72","country_code":"KY","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086143","https://openalex.org/I45928872"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN","KY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruiguang Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group,DAMO Academy,China","DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group,DAMO Academy,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031440338","display_name":"Wenjie Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6341-9226"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Jie Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ant Group,China","Ant Group, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ant Group,China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ant Group, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107881190","display_name":"Jiansong Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086143","display_name":"Alibaba Group (Cayman Islands)","ror":"https://ror.org/00mnrxf72","country_code":"KY","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086143","https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN","KY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiansong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group,DAMO Academy,China","DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group,DAMO Academy,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100444188","display_name":"Yichi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-6835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086143","display_name":"Alibaba Group (Cayman Islands)","ror":"https://ror.org/00mnrxf72","country_code":"KY","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086143","https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN","KY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yichi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group,DAMO Academy,China","DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group,DAMO Academy,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109638630","display_name":"Hanghang Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135679","display_name":"Antea Group (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/03kfw6k71","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101086","https://openalex.org/I4210135679"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanghang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ant Group,AntChain,China","AntChain, Ant Group, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ant Group,AntChain,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135679"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AntChain, Ant Group, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100957157","display_name":"Xiaofu Zheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135679","display_name":"Antea Group (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/03kfw6k71","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101086","https://openalex.org/I4210135679"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofu Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ant Group,AntChain,China","AntChain, Ant Group, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ant Group,AntChain,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135679"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AntChain, Ant Group, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100392542","display_name":"Heng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3923-7526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086143","display_name":"Alibaba Group (Cayman Islands)","ror":"https://ror.org/00mnrxf72","country_code":"KY","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086143","https://openalex.org/I45928872"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN","KY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group,DAMO Academy,China","DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group,DAMO Academy,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101244889","display_name":"Tingqiang Chu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135679","display_name":"Antea Group (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/03kfw6k71","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101086","https://openalex.org/I4210135679"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingqiang Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ant Group,AntChain,China","AntChain, Ant Group, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ant Group,AntChain,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135679"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AntChain, Ant Group, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113747101","display_name":"Hong Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ant Group,China","Ant Group, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ant Group,China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ant Group, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100656083","display_name":"Changzheng Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0467-2253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135679","display_name":"Antea Group (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/03kfw6k71","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101086","https://openalex.org/I4210135679"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changzheng Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ant Group,AntChain,China","AntChain, Ant Group, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ant Group,AntChain,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135679"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AntChain, Ant Group, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068606980","display_name":"Dimin Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8440-3875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086143","display_name":"Alibaba Group (Cayman Islands)","ror":"https://ror.org/00mnrxf72","country_code":"KY","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086143","https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN","KY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimin Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group,DAMO Academy,China","DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group,DAMO Academy,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100579766","display_name":"Yuan Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45928872","display_name":"Alibaba Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00k642b80","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086143","display_name":"Alibaba Group (Cayman Islands)","ror":"https://ror.org/00mnrxf72","country_code":"KY","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086143","https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}],"countries":["CN","KY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group,DAMO Academy,China","DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group,DAMO Academy,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45928872"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":16,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031481481"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086143","https://openalex.org/I45928872"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7409,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87751062,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8042523860931396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.7750452756881714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-multiplication","display_name":"Matrix multiplication","score":0.6702336072921753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.614962100982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dot-product","display_name":"Dot product","score":0.599611759185791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5795644521713257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.544968843460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-encryption","display_name":"Functional encryption","score":0.4541846513748169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.4472273588180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.4270574152469635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.42314791679382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.42313024401664734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3893778324127197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3697965741157532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.36940860748291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3057580590248108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1602109670639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11795097589492798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10385197401046753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8042523860931396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.7750452756881714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17349429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049914","display_name":"Matrix multiplication","level":3,"score":0.6702336072921753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.614962100982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32900221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181365","display_name":"Dot product","level":2,"score":0.599611759185791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5795644521713257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.544968843460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780746774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17014981","display_name":"Functional encryption","level":4,"score":0.4541846513748169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.4472273588180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.4270574152469635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.42314791679382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42313024401664734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3893778324127197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3697965741157532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.36940860748291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3057580590248108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1602109670639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11795097589492798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10385197401046753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93974786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1589480","display_name":"Ciphertext","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dac56929.2023.10247696","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac56929.2023.10247696","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 60th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W104209573","https://openalex.org/W1979502974","https://openalex.org/W2069285815","https://openalex.org/W2309997581","https://openalex.org/W2563836461","https://openalex.org/W2752929869","https://openalex.org/W2768174108","https://openalex.org/W2768347741","https://openalex.org/W2773194476","https://openalex.org/W2885339274","https://openalex.org/W2934510082","https://openalex.org/W2942255051","https://openalex.org/W2987932087","https://openalex.org/W3003331030","https://openalex.org/W3005730048","https://openalex.org/W3012235108","https://openalex.org/W3012457899","https://openalex.org/W3035754681","https://openalex.org/W3079221395","https://openalex.org/W3117449869","https://openalex.org/W3157477139","https://openalex.org/W3207326900","https://openalex.org/W3210706552","https://openalex.org/W4205474236","https://openalex.org/W4281609193","https://openalex.org/W4281792301","https://openalex.org/W4307925365","https://openalex.org/W6717974185","https://openalex.org/W6746138031","https://openalex.org/W6746388805","https://openalex.org/W6748082217","https://openalex.org/W6757619422","https://openalex.org/W6776906142","https://openalex.org/W6778434676"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4288634132","https://openalex.org/W4311266784","https://openalex.org/W2981978625","https://openalex.org/W4390748799","https://openalex.org/W1985269159","https://openalex.org/W2608151934","https://openalex.org/W2471310969","https://openalex.org/W2107242824","https://openalex.org/W2588463123","https://openalex.org/W4285230782"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Homomorphic":[0],"encryption":[1],"(HE)":[2],"is":[3],"a":[4],"promising":[5],"technique":[6],"for":[7,110,132,181,186,192],"privacy-preserving":[8,117],"computing":[9],"because":[10],"it":[11],"allows":[12],"computation":[13],"on":[14],"encrypted":[15],"data":[16,28],"without":[17],"decryption.":[18],"HE,":[19],"however,":[20,51],"suffers":[21],"from":[22],"poor":[23],"performance":[24,108],"due":[25],"to":[26,40,59,141,197],"enlarged":[27],"size":[29],"and":[30,46,57,83,99,122,143,165,189],"exploded":[31],"amount":[32],"of":[33,76,80,150,163],"computation.":[34],"Related":[35],"work":[36],"has":[37],"been":[38],"proposed":[39],"accelerate":[41],"HE":[42,55,66,71,81,92,130,157],"using":[43],"GPUs,":[44],"FPGAs,":[45],"ASICs.":[47],"The":[48,176],"existing":[49,87,116,199],"work,":[50],"aims":[52],"at":[53],"specific":[54],"schemes":[56,72],"fails":[58],"consider":[60],"the":[61,148,166,198],"fast-evolving":[62],"algorithms.":[63],"For":[64],"example,":[65],"algorithms":[67],"that":[68],"combine":[69],"different":[70,161],"have":[73],"demonstrated":[74],"capability":[75],"supporting":[77],"more":[78],"types":[79,162],"operations":[82,93],"ciphertexts.":[84],"Moreover,":[85],"some":[86],"hardware":[88],"accelerators":[89],"target":[90],"small":[91],"(such":[94],"as":[95],"number":[96],"theoretic":[97],"transform":[98],"key-switch),":[100],"which":[101,136],"however":[102],"provides":[103],"limited":[104],"or":[105],"even":[106],"neglected":[107],"improvement":[109],"end-to-end":[111],"applications.":[112],"To":[113],"better":[114],"support":[115],"applications":[118],"(e.g.,":[119],"logistic":[120,187],"regression":[121],"neural":[123],"network":[124],"inference),":[125],"we":[126],"propose":[127],"CHAM,":[128],"an":[129],"accelerator,":[131],"high-performance":[133],"matrix-vector":[134,182],"product,":[135,183],"can":[137],"be":[138],"easily":[139],"extended":[140],"2-D":[142],"3-D":[144],"convolutions.":[145],"Motivated":[146],"by":[147],"evolution":[149],"algorithms,":[151],"CHAM":[152,172],"supports":[153],"not":[154],"only":[155],"traditional":[156],"operations,":[158],"but":[159],"also":[160],"ciphertexts":[164],"conversion":[167],"between":[168],"them.":[169],"We":[170],"implement":[171],"with":[173],"Xilinx":[174],"FPGAs.":[175],"evaluation":[177],"demonstrates":[178],"1800\u00d7":[179],"speed-up":[180,185,191],"36\u00d7":[184],"regression,":[188],"144\u00d7":[190],"Beaver":[193],"triple":[194],"generation":[195],"compared":[196],"work.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-28T08:17:26.163206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
