{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3213174544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac18074.2021.9586295","title":"Dancing along Battery: Enabling Transformer with Run-time Reconfigurability on Mobile Devices","display_name":"Dancing along Battery: Enabling Transformer with Run-time Reconfigurability on Mobile Devices","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3213174544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac18074.2021.9586295","mag":"3213174544"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dac18074.2021.9586295","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac18074.2021.9586295","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 58th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041623482","display_name":"Yuhong Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4310-2766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhong Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["East China Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East China Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019027088","display_name":"Weiwen Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9004-487X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiwen Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Notre Dame"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100375952","display_name":"Bingbing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6140-4189"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingbing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Connecticut"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Connecticut","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077907495","display_name":"Panjie Qi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panjie Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["East China Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East China Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005358696","display_name":"Qingfeng Zhuge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-3470"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingfeng Zhuge","raw_affiliation_strings":["East China Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East China Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077381252","display_name":"Edwin H.\u2010M. Sha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5605-5631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edwin Hsing-Mean Sha","raw_affiliation_strings":["East China Normal University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"East China Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036026027","display_name":"Sakyasingha Dasgupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8646-1171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109994","display_name":"Edge Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01rybb297","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109994"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sakyasingha Dasgupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Edgecortix Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Edgecortix Inc","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109994"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000141831","display_name":"Yiyu Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6788-9823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiyu Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Notre Dame"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030060072","display_name":"Caiwen Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0891-1231"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caiwen Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Connecticut"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Connecticut","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1003","last_page":"1008"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reconfigurability","display_name":"Reconfigurability","score":0.9335262775421143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-reconfiguration","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","score":0.7827372550964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6877844333648682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.536030650138855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4635339081287384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33314740657806396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.14582663774490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11775490641593933}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780149590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7302742","display_name":"Reconfigurability","level":2,"score":0.9335262775421143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119701452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165881","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","level":2,"score":0.7827372550964355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6877844333648682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.536030650138855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4635339081287384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33314740657806396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.14582663774490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11775490641593933}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dac18074.2021.9586295","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac18074.2021.9586295","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 58th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330944","display_name":"Nature","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2119144962","https://openalex.org/W2530030957","https://openalex.org/W2533651815","https://openalex.org/W2619096655","https://openalex.org/W2623003857","https://openalex.org/W2805249667","https://openalex.org/W2895195713","https://openalex.org/W2911884654","https://openalex.org/W2923014074","https://openalex.org/W2946567085","https://openalex.org/W2962820060","https://openalex.org/W2962953210","https://openalex.org/W2963000224","https://openalex.org/W2963310665","https://openalex.org/W2963494889","https://openalex.org/W2964299589","https://openalex.org/W2974152075","https://openalex.org/W2978017171","https://openalex.org/W2980282514","https://openalex.org/W2980856918","https://openalex.org/W2996874060","https://openalex.org/W2998342322","https://openalex.org/W3013688681","https://openalex.org/W3016142271","https://openalex.org/W3025085339","https://openalex.org/W3035251378","https://openalex.org/W3091602279","https://openalex.org/W3092216062","https://openalex.org/W3092334294","https://openalex.org/W3100980998","https://openalex.org/W3104401858","https://openalex.org/W3104849992","https://openalex.org/W3121413886","https://openalex.org/W4256379751","https://openalex.org/W4298422451","https://openalex.org/W6677580257","https://openalex.org/W6725543821","https://openalex.org/W6727099177","https://openalex.org/W6738642365","https://openalex.org/W6750615492","https://openalex.org/W6768851824","https://openalex.org/W6774146198","https://openalex.org/W6783124958"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2152623100","https://openalex.org/W25204318","https://openalex.org/W2096417281","https://openalex.org/W2138895528","https://openalex.org/W2077035242","https://openalex.org/W3042643149","https://openalex.org/W2026481470","https://openalex.org/W1999203047","https://openalex.org/W3201977823","https://openalex.org/W2362203107"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"pruning-based":[1],"AutoML":[2],"framework":[3],"for":[4,40,54,68,90,106,128,157,224,230],"run-time":[5],"reconfigurability,":[6],"namely":[7],"RT":[8,111,133,180,206],"<sup":[9,112,134,181,207],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[10,113,135,182,208],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">3</sup>":[11,114,136,183,209],",":[12],"is":[13,48],"proposed":[14],"in":[15],"this":[16,76],"work.":[17],"This":[18],"enables":[19],"Transformer-based":[20,91],"large":[21],"Natural":[22],"Language":[23],"Processing":[24],"(NLP)":[25],"models":[26,39,92],"to":[27,51,71,96,102,162,169,192],"be":[28],"efficiently":[29],"executed":[30],"on":[31,144],"resource-constrained":[32,129],"mobile":[33,56,108,130],"devices":[34],"and":[35,63,86,93,99,149,226],"reconfigured":[36],"(i.e.,":[37,175],"switching":[38],"dynamic":[41,61],"hardware":[42,69,98,176],"conditions)":[43],"at":[44,198],"run-time.":[45],"Such":[46],"reconfigurability":[47],"the":[49,125,145,186,194],"key":[50],"save":[52,104],"energy":[53,105],"battery-powered":[55,107],"devices,":[57],"which":[58,167],"widely":[59],"use":[60],"voltage":[62],"frequency":[64,171,200],"scaling":[65],"(DVFS)":[66],"technique":[67],"reconfiguration":[70,101],"prolong":[72,211],"battery":[73,212],"life.":[74],"In":[75],"work,":[77],"we":[78],"creatively":[79],"explore":[80],"a":[81,139],"hybrid":[82],"block-structured":[83],"pruning":[84,88],"(BP)":[85],"pattern":[87,152,188],"(PP)":[89],"first":[94,146],"attempt":[95],"combine":[97],"software":[100,165],"maximally":[103],"devices.":[109],"Specifically,":[110],"integrates":[115],"two-level":[116],"optimizations:":[117],"First,":[118],"it":[119],"utilizes":[120],"an":[121],"efficient":[122],"BP":[123],"as":[124],"first-step":[126],"compression":[127],"devices;":[131],"then,":[132],"heuristically":[137],"generates":[138],"shrunken":[140],"search":[141],"space":[142],"based":[143],"level":[147],"optimization":[148],"searches":[150],"multiple":[151],"sets":[153,189],"with":[154,218],"diverse":[155],"sparsity":[156],"PP":[158],"via":[159],"reinforcement":[160],"learning":[161],"support":[163],"lightweight":[164,187],"reconfiguration,":[166],"corresponds":[168],"available":[170],"levels":[172],"of":[173],"DVFS":[174],"reconfiguration).":[177],"At":[178],"run-time,":[179],"can":[184,210],"switch":[185],"within":[190],"45ms":[191],"guarantee":[193],"required":[195],"real-time":[196],"constraint":[197],"different":[199],"levels.":[201],"Results":[202],"further":[203],"show":[204],"that":[205],"life":[213],"over":[214],"$":[215],"4\\times$":[216],"improvement":[217],"less":[219],"than":[220],"1%":[221],"accuracy":[222],"loss":[223],"Transformer":[225],"1.5%":[227],"score":[228],"decrease":[229],"DistilBERT.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
