{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3139496430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac18074.2021.9586288","title":"Towards Improving the Trustworthiness of Hardware based Malware Detector using Online Uncertainty Estimation","display_name":"Towards Improving the Trustworthiness of Hardware based Malware Detector using Online Uncertainty Estimation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3139496430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac18074.2021.9586288","mag":"3139496430"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dac18074.2021.9586288","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac18074.2021.9586288","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 58th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.11519","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011592504","display_name":"Harshit Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4865-7795"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Harshit Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA","#N#\u2021#N#Georgia Institute of Technology#N#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#\u2021#N#Georgia Institute of Technology#N#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076844961","display_name":"Nikhil Chawla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3454-6135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikhil Chawla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA","#N#\u2021#N#Georgia Institute of Technology#N#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#\u2021#N#Georgia Institute of Technology#N#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009591041","display_name":"Saibal Mukhopadhyay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8894-3390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saibal Mukhopadhyay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA","#N#\u2021#N#Georgia Institute of Technology#N#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#\u2021#N#Georgia Institute of Technology#N#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011592504"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.14,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52403179,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.8705542683601379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.772997260093689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.7385009527206421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.6934751868247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.6256103515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5448498725891113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.4760003983974457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4757382869720459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.42273759841918945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.21325460076332092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09798023104667664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08405211567878723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07777369022369385}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.8705542683601379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.772997260093689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.7385009527206421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.6934751868247986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.6256103515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5448498725891113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.4760003983974457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4757382869720459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.42273759841918945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.21325460076332092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09798023104667664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08405211567878723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07777369022369385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dac18074.2021.9586288","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac18074.2021.9586288","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 58th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2103.11519","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2103.11519","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.11519","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3139496430","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://export.arxiv.org/pdf/2103.11519","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2103.11519","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2103.11519","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2103.11519","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2103.11519","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.11519","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3139496430.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3139496430.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1534477342","https://openalex.org/W1618905105","https://openalex.org/W2118023920","https://openalex.org/W2166670624","https://openalex.org/W2166844173","https://openalex.org/W2625110865","https://openalex.org/W2733922298","https://openalex.org/W2788907134","https://openalex.org/W2793420030","https://openalex.org/W2807415350","https://openalex.org/W2809457377","https://openalex.org/W2911182009","https://openalex.org/W2912934387","https://openalex.org/W2950517871","https://openalex.org/W2963238274","https://openalex.org/W2964059111","https://openalex.org/W3021225878","https://openalex.org/W3083094226","https://openalex.org/W3103147587","https://openalex.org/W4212883601","https://openalex.org/W6636501900","https://openalex.org/W6757862169","https://openalex.org/W6782892835"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3213928261","https://openalex.org/W3198941561","https://openalex.org/W3191250776","https://openalex.org/W3102780856","https://openalex.org/W2137365926","https://openalex.org/W1534710991","https://openalex.org/W3193870278","https://openalex.org/W3129051068","https://openalex.org/W2849301851","https://openalex.org/W2916667465","https://openalex.org/W2626738193","https://openalex.org/W3043480207","https://openalex.org/W2795904284","https://openalex.org/W2809376420","https://openalex.org/W2900501704","https://openalex.org/W3176943954","https://openalex.org/W3090850795","https://openalex.org/W3113955839","https://openalex.org/W2887565719","https://openalex.org/W2902979785"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hardware-based":[0],"Malware":[1],"Detectors":[2],"(HMDs)":[3],"using":[4],"Machine":[5],"Learning":[6],"(ML)":[7,23],"models":[8,43,78],"have":[9,104],"shown":[10],"promise":[11],"in":[12,26,45,73,107],"detecting":[13],"malicious":[14],"workloads.":[15],"However,":[16],"the":[17,32,50,55,89,108,113,125,132,139,142],"conventional":[18],"black-box":[19],"based":[20,127],"machine":[21],"learning":[22],"approach":[24,69,98],"used":[25,44],"these":[27],"HMDs":[28,46,102],"fail":[29],"to":[30,49],"address":[31],"uncertain":[33],"predictions,":[34],"including":[35],"those":[36],"made":[37,75],"on":[38,99],"zero-day":[39],"malware.":[40],"The":[41],"ML":[42,77],"are":[47],"agnostic":[48],"uncertainty":[51,72,115],"that":[52,70,103,112,131],"determines":[53],"whether":[54],"model":[56],"\u201cknows":[57],"what":[58],"it":[59,83,91],"knows,\u201d":[60],"severely":[61],"undermining":[62],"its":[63],"trustworthiness.":[64],"We":[65,95,110],"propose":[66],"an":[67,80,85],"ensemble-based":[68],"quantifies":[71],"predictions":[74],"by":[76],"of":[79,121,141],"HMD,":[81,128],"when":[82],"encounters":[84],"unknown":[86,122],"workload":[87],"than":[88],"ones":[90],"was":[92],"trained":[93],"on.":[94],"test":[96],"our":[97],"two":[100],"different":[101],"been":[105],"proposed":[106,114],"literature.":[109],"show":[111],"estimator":[116],"can":[117],"detect":[118],">":[119],"90%":[120],"workloads":[123],"for":[124],"Power-management":[126],"and":[129,135],"conclude":[130],"overlapping":[133],"benign":[134],"malware":[136],"classes":[137],"undermine":[138],"trustworthiness":[140],"Performance":[143],"Counter-based":[144],"HMD.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
