{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3212662098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac18074.2021.9586247","title":"BRAHMS: Beyond Conventional RRAM-based Neural Network Accelerators Using Hybrid Analog Memory System","display_name":"BRAHMS: Beyond Conventional RRAM-based Neural Network Accelerators Using Hybrid Analog Memory System","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3212662098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac18074.2021.9586247","mag":"3212662098"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dac18074.2021.9586247","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac18074.2021.9586247","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 58th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109913056","display_name":"Tengwei Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7070-7819"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tao Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Intelligent Computing Systems, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Intelligent Computing Systems, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100373745","display_name":"Xiaohong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9797-8384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Intelligent Computing Systems, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Intelligent Computing Systems, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100419435","display_name":"Xiaoyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2165-7151"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Intelligent Computing Systems, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Intelligent Computing Systems, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016864694","display_name":"Yinhe Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-6681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinhe Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Intelligent Computing Systems, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Intelligent Computing Systems, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109913056"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.103,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77525629,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1033","last_page":"1038"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistive-random-access-memory","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","score":0.8311070203781128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7468502521514893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.6436299085617065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6269025206565857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5700139403343201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5665289163589478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4580816626548767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.44943511486053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.38590043783187866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.34511327743530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.221185564994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.176553875207901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15457093715667725}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182019814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143830","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.8311070203781128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7468502521514893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.6436299085617065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6269025206565857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5700139403343201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5665289163589478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4580816626548767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.44943511486053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.38590043783187866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.34511327743530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.221185564994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.176553875207901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15457093715667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dac18074.2021.9586247","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac18074.2021.9586247","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 58th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321133","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980446076","https://openalex.org/W1993163906","https://openalex.org/W2010160963","https://openalex.org/W2086709250","https://openalex.org/W2188328117","https://openalex.org/W2508602506","https://openalex.org/W2518281301","https://openalex.org/W2811080765","https://openalex.org/W2898949302","https://openalex.org/W2899868573","https://openalex.org/W2902501132","https://openalex.org/W2946722420","https://openalex.org/W2959627720","https://openalex.org/W2979663695","https://openalex.org/W3003821665","https://openalex.org/W3005619596","https://openalex.org/W3092368495","https://openalex.org/W3098380984","https://openalex.org/W4243519499","https://openalex.org/W4254672563","https://openalex.org/W6825195337","https://openalex.org/W6836480157"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2054635671","https://openalex.org/W2545245183","https://openalex.org/W2017425642","https://openalex.org/W2350916061","https://openalex.org/W1970117475","https://openalex.org/W3161624601","https://openalex.org/W2078381924","https://openalex.org/W4206468571","https://openalex.org/W4298011929","https://openalex.org/W4381388454"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accelerating":[0],"convolutional":[1,105],"neural":[2],"networks":[3],"(CNNs)":[4],"with":[5,27,167],"resistive":[6,94],"random-access":[7],"memory":[8,96],"(RRAM)":[9],"based":[10],"processing-in-memory":[11],"systems":[12],"has":[13],"been":[14],"recognized":[15],"as":[16,117],"a":[17,104,118,133],"promising":[18],"approach.":[19],"However,":[20],"conventional":[21],"accelerators":[22,54],"are":[23,60,115,129],"usually":[24],"mixed-signal":[25,134],"circuits":[26],"digital-to-analog":[28],"converters":[29,33],"(DACs)":[30],"and":[31,38,55,70,92,109,127,147,158,178],"analog-to-digital":[32,62],"(ADCs),":[34],"which":[35,81,114,136],"cause":[36],"performance":[37,157,174],"energy":[39,159,180],"efficiency":[40,181],"degradation.":[41],"In":[42],"this":[43],"work,":[44],"we":[45,76],"first":[46],"analyze":[47],"the":[48,78,101,141,149,173,179],"problems":[49],"in":[50,140,148],"existing":[51],"RRAM-based":[52,84],"CNN":[53,85],"point":[56],"out":[57],"that":[58,124,165],"there":[59],"redundant":[61,67],"(AD)":[63],"conversions.":[64],"To":[65],"eliminate":[66],"AD":[68,73],"conversions":[69],"also":[71],"reduce":[72],"conversion":[74],"overhead,":[75],"propose":[77],"BRAHMS":[79,131,171],"architecture,":[80,170],"is":[82],"an":[83,145,168],"accelerator":[86],"composed":[87],"of":[88],"reconfigurable":[89],"RRAM":[90],"crossbars":[91],"analog":[93,142],"content-addressable":[95],"(ARCAM)":[97],"arrays.":[98],"We":[99],"reorder":[100],"operations":[102],"after":[103],"or":[106],"fully-connected":[107],"layer":[108],"form":[110],"fused":[111],"operators":[112],"(FOPs),":[113],"implemented":[116],"whole":[119],"by":[120,175,182],"ARCAM":[121],"arrays":[122],"so":[123],"digital":[125,150],"logic":[126],"ADCs":[128],"eliminated.":[130],"realizes":[132],"pipeline":[135],"transmits":[137],"data":[138],"signals":[139],"domain":[143,151],"within":[144],"FOP":[146],"between":[152],"FOPs":[153],"to":[154],"obtain":[155],"high":[156],"efficiency.":[160],"Detailed":[161],"simulation":[162],"results":[163],"show":[164],"compared":[166],"ISAAC-like":[169],"improves":[172],"several":[176],"times":[177,185],"10":[183],"+":[184],"on":[186],"average.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
