{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3212679402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac18074.2021.9586224","title":"UPTPU: Improving Energy Efficiency of a Tensor Processing Unit through Underutilization Based Power-Gating","display_name":"UPTPU: Improving Energy Efficiency of a Tensor Processing Unit through Underutilization Based Power-Gating","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3212679402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac18074.2021.9586224","mag":"3212679402"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dac18074.2021.9586224","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac18074.2021.9586224","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 58th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056242537","display_name":"Pramesh Pandey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4345-4067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121980950","display_name":"Utah State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h6set76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pramesh Pandey","raw_affiliation_strings":["USU BRIDGE LAB, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Utah State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USU BRIDGE LAB, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Utah State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090975718","display_name":"Noel Daniel Gundi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6331-6844"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121980950","display_name":"Utah State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h6set76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noel Daniel Gundi","raw_affiliation_strings":["USU BRIDGE LAB, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Utah State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USU BRIDGE LAB, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Utah State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101594477","display_name":"Koushik Chakraborty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0228-2737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121980950","display_name":"Utah State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h6set76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koushik Chakraborty","raw_affiliation_strings":["USU BRIDGE LAB, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Utah State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USU BRIDGE LAB, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Utah State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068885938","display_name":"Sanghamitra Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3927-1612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121980950","display_name":"Utah State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00h6set76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanghamitra Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["USU BRIDGE LAB, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Utah State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USU BRIDGE LAB, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Utah State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1799,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78407351,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"325","last_page":"330"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7223816514015198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dataflow","display_name":"Dataflow","score":0.6993867754936218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6113903522491455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-gating","display_name":"Power gating","score":0.520070493221283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4968724548816681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.47964149713516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.47611790895462036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4612414240837097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.457507848739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tensor","display_name":"Tensor (intrinsic definition)","score":0.45110830664634705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boom","display_name":"Boom","score":0.42620357871055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.40890657901763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4001968502998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3678897023200989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3431340754032135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.33921557664871216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.26230376958847046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.11367496848106384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11331674456596375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09757724404335022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7223816514015198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96324660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205446","display_name":"Dataflow","level":2,"score":0.6993867754936218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6113903522491455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780700455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7236515","display_name":"Power gating","level":4,"score":0.520070493221283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4968724548816681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.47964149713516235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.47611790895462036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4612414240837097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.457507848739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155281189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3518150","display_name":"Tensor (intrinsic definition)","level":2,"score":0.45110830664634705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141441539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1970908","display_name":"Boom","level":2,"score":0.42620357871055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.40890657901763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4001968502998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3678897023200989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3431340754032135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.33921557664871216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.26230376958847046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.11367496848106384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11331674456596375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09757724404335022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dac18074.2021.9586224","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac18074.2021.9586224","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 58th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.usu.edu:ece_facpub-1244","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ece_facpub/240","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196327","display_name":"Digital Commons - USU (Utah State University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121980950","host_organization_name":"Utah State University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121980950"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2044535169","https://openalex.org/W2067523571","https://openalex.org/W2067713319","https://openalex.org/W2110014487","https://openalex.org/W2113459411","https://openalex.org/W2127039903","https://openalex.org/W2145071646","https://openalex.org/W2148831941","https://openalex.org/W2158899676","https://openalex.org/W2289252105","https://openalex.org/W2335728318","https://openalex.org/W2513554817","https://openalex.org/W2606722458","https://openalex.org/W2626712922","https://openalex.org/W2750384547","https://openalex.org/W2759398875","https://openalex.org/W2786806632","https://openalex.org/W2806167418","https://openalex.org/W2945449142","https://openalex.org/W2962947399","https://openalex.org/W2963640628","https://openalex.org/W2963884515","https://openalex.org/W3013918852","https://openalex.org/W3017598548","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3148457660","https://openalex.org/W4229855890","https://openalex.org/W6676165915","https://openalex.org/W6676984168","https://openalex.org/W6703116779","https://openalex.org/W6743688258","https://openalex.org/W6748837274","https://openalex.org/W6776359626","https://openalex.org/W6787972765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2998381397","https://openalex.org/W4236419692","https://openalex.org/W3167919718","https://openalex.org/W4225271228","https://openalex.org/W1484403103","https://openalex.org/W2521947294","https://openalex.org/W4251718783","https://openalex.org/W2064624074","https://openalex.org/W1993746733","https://openalex.org/W2907307640"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"AI":[1,53],"boom":[2],"is":[3],"bringing":[4],"a":[5,19,89],"plethora":[6],"of":[7,39,52,60],"domain-specific":[8],"architectures":[9],"for":[10,99],"Neural":[11,21],"Network":[12,22],"computations.":[13],"Google\u2019s":[14],"Tensor":[15],"Processing":[16],"Unit":[17],"(TPU),":[18],"Deep":[20],"(DNN)":[23],"accelerator,":[24],"has":[25],"replaced":[26],"the":[27,42,49,70],"CPUs/GPUs":[28],"in":[29,45,74],"its":[30],"data":[31,63],"centers,":[32],"claiming":[33],"more":[34],"than":[35],"15":[36],"\u00d7":[37,92],"rate":[38],"inference.":[40],"However,":[41],"unprecedented":[43],"growth":[44],"DNN":[46],"workloads":[47],"with":[48],"widespread":[50],"use":[51],"services":[54],"projects":[55],"an":[56,81],"increasing":[57],"energy":[58,95],"consumption":[59],"TPU":[61,75,98],"based":[62],"centers.":[64],"In":[65],"this":[66],"work,":[67],"we":[68],"parametrize":[69],"extreme":[71],"hardware":[72],"underutilization":[73],"systolic":[76],"array":[77],"and":[78],"propose":[79],"UPTPU:":[80],"intelligent,":[82],"dataflow":[83],"adaptive":[84],"power-gating":[85],"paradigm":[86],"to":[87,97],"provide":[88],"staggering":[90],"3.5":[91],"\u2013":[93],"6.5\u00d7":[94],"efficiency":[96],"different":[100],"input":[101],"batch":[102],"sizes.":[103]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
