{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3212205796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac18074.2021.9586119","title":"Quantifying Rowhammer Vulnerability for DRAM Security","display_name":"Quantifying Rowhammer Vulnerability for DRAM Security","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3212205796","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac18074.2021.9586119","mag":"3212205796"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dac18074.2021.9586119","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac18074.2021.9586119","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 58th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101705761","display_name":"Yichen Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9139-3799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yichen Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024568191","display_name":"Huifeng Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0099-1911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huifeng Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Washington University in St. Louis"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Washington University in St. Louis","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069563170","display_name":"Dean Sullivan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7186-4346"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dean Sullivan","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011794280","display_name":"Xiaolong Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9896-9407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189590672","display_name":"Kansas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05p1j8758","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolong Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kansas State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kansas State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189590672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101781896","display_name":"Xuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2563-0597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Washington University in St. Louis"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Washington University in St. Louis","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017464942","display_name":"Yier Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8791-0597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33213144","display_name":"University of Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/02y3ad647","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yier Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florida"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florida","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33213144"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"73","last_page":"78"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dram","display_name":"Dram","score":0.873740017414093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.6064285635948181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.4994029998779297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4856897294521332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-random-access-memory","display_name":"Dynamic random-access memory","score":0.4654076397418976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.44947806000709534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4253196716308594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2799507677555084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.11856544017791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11449605226516724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor-memory","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","score":0.09330171346664429}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7366592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1255620","display_name":"Dram","level":2,"score":0.873740017414093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.6064285635948181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4994029998779297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4856897294521332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118702147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189396","display_name":"Dynamic random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.4654076397418976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.44947806000709534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4253196716308594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2799507677555084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.11856544017791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11449605226516724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98986596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143031","display_name":"Semiconductor memory","level":2,"score":0.09330171346664429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dac18074.2021.9586119","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac18074.2021.9586119","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 58th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.75}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970426108","https://openalex.org/W2094127360","https://openalex.org/W2105963142","https://openalex.org/W2157116240","https://openalex.org/W2329308213","https://openalex.org/W2505343551","https://openalex.org/W2511192821","https://openalex.org/W2537014044","https://openalex.org/W2550432238","https://openalex.org/W2751092112","https://openalex.org/W2769824527","https://openalex.org/W2945793150","https://openalex.org/W2962726564","https://openalex.org/W3004383742","https://openalex.org/W3046609696","https://openalex.org/W4233459511","https://openalex.org/W6725368715"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2127001124","https://openalex.org/W2518930778","https://openalex.org/W2979599569","https://openalex.org/W3007039213","https://openalex.org/W2944414554","https://openalex.org/W2559795407","https://openalex.org/W2000563648","https://openalex.org/W3009022466","https://openalex.org/W2533585248","https://openalex.org/W2142111686"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rowhammer":[0,25,60,92,112,138,170,189],"is":[1,34],"a":[2,21,35,82,98,155,187],"memory-based":[3],"attack":[4,52,190],"that":[5,32],"leverages":[6],"capacitive-coupling":[7,103,122],"to":[8,30,90,136],"induce":[9],"faults":[10],"in":[11,68,105,124,131,197],"modern":[12,106],"dynamic":[13],"random-access":[14],"memory":[15],"(DRAM).":[16],"Over":[17],"the":[18,59,102,108,132,137,149,179],"last":[19],"decade,":[20],"significant":[22],"number":[23],"of":[24,40,101,111,121,158],"attacks":[26,93,171],"have":[27,87],"been":[28,64,88],"presented":[29],"reveal":[31],"it":[33],"severe":[36],"security":[37,78],"issue":[38],"capable":[39],"causing":[41],"privilege":[42],"escalations,":[43],"launching":[44],"distributed":[45],"denial-of-service":[46],"(DDoS)":[47],"attacks,":[48],"and":[49,66,72,79,140,175,192],"even":[50],"runtime":[51],"such":[53],"as":[54],"control":[55],"flow":[56],"hijacking.":[57],"Moreover,":[58],"vulnerability":[61,139],"has":[62],"also":[63],"identified":[65],"validated":[67],"both":[69,173],"cloud":[70],"computing":[71],"data":[73,77],"center":[74],"environments,":[75],"threatening":[76],"privacy":[80],"at":[81],"large":[83],"scale.":[84],"Various":[85],"solutions":[86],"proposed":[89],"counter":[91],"but":[94],"existing":[95,169],"methods":[96],"lack":[97],"circuit-level":[99],"explanation":[100],"phenomenon":[104],"DRAMs,":[107],"key":[109],"cause":[110],"attacks.In":[113],"this":[114,198],"paper,":[115],"we":[116,167],"develop":[117],"an":[118],"analytical":[119],"model":[120,134,150,166],"vulnerabilities":[123],"DRAMs.":[125],"We":[126,147],"thoroughly":[127],"analyze":[128],"all":[129],"parameters":[130],"mathematical":[133],"contributing":[135],"quantify":[141],"them":[142],"through":[143],"real":[144],"DRAM":[145,159],"measurements.":[146],"validate":[148],"with":[151],"different":[152],"attributions":[153],"on":[154,172],"wide":[156],"range":[157],"brands":[160],"from":[161],"various":[162],"manufacturers.":[163],"Through":[164],"our":[165],"re-evaluate":[168],"DDR3":[174],"DDR4":[176],"memory,":[177],"including":[178],"recently":[180],"developed":[181],"TRRespass":[182],"attack.":[183],"Our":[184],"analysis":[185],"presents":[186],"new":[188],"insight":[191],"will":[193],"guide":[194],"future":[195],"research":[196],"area.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}