{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3091977288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac18072.2020.9218508","title":"AHEC: End-to-end Compiler Framework for Privacy-preserving Machine Learning Acceleration","display_name":"AHEC: End-to-end Compiler Framework for Privacy-preserving Machine Learning Acceleration","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3091977288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac18072.2020.9218508","mag":"3091977288"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dac18072.2020.9218508","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac18072.2020.9218508","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 57th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101449721","display_name":"Huili Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5828-2942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800935791","display_name":"UC San Diego Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/01kbfgm16","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huili Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC San Diego, San Diego, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC San Diego, San Diego, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085883266","display_name":"Rosario Cammarota","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2965-8987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rosario Cammarota","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intel Lab, San Diego, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intel Lab, San Diego, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016869783","display_name":"F.A. Valencia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6884-9340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7495430","display_name":"Idiap Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05932h694","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felipe Valencia","raw_affiliation_strings":["ALaRI, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ALaRI, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049456178","display_name":"Francesco Regazzoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6385-0780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7495430","display_name":"Idiap Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05932h694","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Regazzoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["ALaRI, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ALaRI, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019931011","display_name":"Farinaz Koushanfar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0798-3794"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800935791","display_name":"UC San Diego Health System","ror":"https://ror.org/01kbfgm16","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farinaz Koushanfar","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC San Diego, San Diego, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC San Diego, San Diego, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800935791"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4062,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70291601,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8770113587379456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compiler","display_name":"Compiler","score":0.5586642026901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5384229421615601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.5118092894554138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5075544118881226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.45580199360847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-to-end-principle","display_name":"End-to-end principle","score":0.45487484335899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.4280428886413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-primitive","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","score":0.4235846996307373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.41855812072753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3572383522987366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.32019203901290894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2211180329322815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.20223766565322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-protocol","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","score":0.14151769876480103}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8770113587379456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.5586642026901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5384229421615601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.5118092894554138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5075544118881226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.45580199360847473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74296488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2527392","display_name":"End-to-end principle","level":2,"score":0.45487484335899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.4280428886413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15927051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246593","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","level":4,"score":0.4235846996307373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.41855812072753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3572383522987366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.32019203901290894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2211180329322815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.20223766565322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.14151769876480103}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dac18072.2020.9218508","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dac18072.2020.9218508","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 57th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference (DAC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1850468005","https://openalex.org/W2031533839","https://openalex.org/W2435473771","https://openalex.org/W2620512600","https://openalex.org/W2787513823","https://openalex.org/W2886223758","https://openalex.org/W2897925395","https://openalex.org/W2899140612","https://openalex.org/W2955401130","https://openalex.org/W2963733194","https://openalex.org/W2987932087"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2539930818","https://openalex.org/W4390664647","https://openalex.org/W3012147850","https://openalex.org/W4388335561","https://openalex.org/W3096456556","https://openalex.org/W4240253816","https://openalex.org/W2970530566","https://openalex.org/W4313300189","https://openalex.org/W4308419224","https://openalex.org/W4362706650"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Privacy-preserving":[0],"machine":[1],"learning":[2],"(PPML)":[3],"is":[4],"driven":[5],"by":[6],"the":[7,22,29,34,47,52,74,94,118,129,160,188],"emerging":[8],"adoption":[9],"of":[10,96,131,142,148,162],"Machine":[11],"Learning":[12],"as":[13,61],"a":[14,18],"Service":[15],"(MLaaS).":[16],"In":[17],"typical":[19],"MLaaS":[20],"system,":[21],"end-user":[23],"sends":[24],"his":[25],"personal":[26],"data":[27,50],"to":[28,72,105,158,187],"service":[30],"provider":[31],"and":[32,51,109,140,151,173],"receives":[33],"corresponding":[35],"prediction":[36],"output.":[37],"However,":[38,77],"such":[39,60],"interaction":[40],"raises":[41],"severe":[42],"privacy":[43,75],"concerns":[44],"about":[45],"both":[46],"user's":[48],"proprietary":[49],"server's":[53],"ML":[54,70,152,171],"model.":[55],"PPML":[56,79,104,126],"integrates":[57],"cryptographic":[58],"primitives":[59],"Multi-Party":[62],"Computation":[63],"(MPC)":[64],"and/or":[65,99],"Homomorphic":[66],"Encryption":[67],"(HE)":[68],"into":[69],"services":[71],"resolve":[73],"issue.":[76],"existing":[78],"solutions":[80,190],"have":[81],"not":[82],"been":[83],"widely":[84],"deployed":[85],"in":[86],"practice":[87],"since:":[88],"(i)":[89],"Privacy":[90],"protection":[91],"comes":[92],"at":[93],"cost":[95],"additional":[97],"computation":[98],"communication":[100],"overhead;":[101],"(ii)":[102],"Adapting":[103],"different":[106,165],"front-end":[107],"frameworks":[108],"back-end":[110],"hardware":[111,149],"incurs":[112],"prohibitive":[113],"engineering":[114],"cost.We":[115],"propose":[116],"AHEC,":[117],"first":[119],"automated,":[120],"end-to-end":[121],"HE":[122,143,168,194],"compiler":[123],"for":[124],"efficient":[125],"inference.":[127],"Leveraging":[128],"capability":[130],"Domain":[132],"Specific":[133],"Languages":[134],"(DSLs),":[135],"AHEC":[136,163,181],"enables":[137],"automated":[138],"generation":[139],"optimization":[141],"kernels":[144],"across":[145],"diverse":[146],"types":[147],"platforms":[150],"frameworks.":[153],"We":[154],"perform":[155],"extensive":[156],"experiments":[157],"investigate":[159],"performance":[161],"from":[164,192],"abstraction":[166],"levels:":[167],"operations,":[169],"HE-based":[170],"kernels,":[172],"neural":[174],"network":[175],"layers.":[176],"Empirical":[177],"results":[178],"corroborate":[179],"that":[180],"achieves":[182],"superior":[183],"runtime":[184],"reduction":[185],"compared":[186],"state-of-the-art":[189],"built":[191],"static":[193],"libraries.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}