{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2584899660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cyconus.2016.7836630","title":"Stuxnet as cyber-enabled sanctions enforcement","display_name":"Stuxnet as cyber-enabled sanctions enforcement","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2584899660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cyconus.2016.7836630","mag":"2584899660"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cyconus.2016.7836630","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cyconus.2016.7836630","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 International Conference on Cyber Conflict (CyCon U.S.)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1266898","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050092510","display_name":"Panayotis A. Yannakogeorgos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088528","display_name":"Maxwell Air Force Base","ror":"https://ror.org/005278833","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210088528","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Panayotis A Yannakogeorgos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Cyber College, Maxwell AFB"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Cyber College, Maxwell AFB","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088528"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001023154","display_name":"Eneken Tikk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0772-5173"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eneken Tikk","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Institute for Strategic Studies"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Institute for Strategic Studies","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050092510"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088528"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6231,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90319643,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12717","display_name":"Space exploration and regulation","score":0.9696999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14282","display_name":"Security, Politics, and Digital Transformation","score":0.9690999984741211,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sanctions","display_name":"Sanctions","score":0.7710567116737366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyberspace","display_name":"Cyberspace","score":0.73341304063797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.7080347537994385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charter","display_name":"Charter","score":0.5832459926605225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-law","display_name":"International law","score":0.49951839447021484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enforcement","display_name":"Enforcement","score":0.46255767345428467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-weapon","display_name":"Nuclear weapon","score":0.4620930552482605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agency","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","score":0.4318544268608093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.420394629240036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.3825966417789459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.34357357025146484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3112671971321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.19379889965057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.11948728561401367}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778069335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32098","display_name":"Sanctions","level":2,"score":0.7710567116737366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781241145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204606","display_name":"Cyberspace","level":3,"score":0.73341304063797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7080347537994385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777596936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727002","display_name":"Charter","level":2,"score":0.5832459926605225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55447825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4394526","display_name":"International law","level":2,"score":0.49951839447021484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.46255767345428467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194110935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12802","display_name":"Nuclear weapon","level":2,"score":0.4620930552482605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4318544268608093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.420394629240036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3825966417789459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.34357357025146484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3112671971321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.19379889965057373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.11948728561401367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cyconus.2016.7836630","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cyconus.2016.7836630","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 International Conference on Cyber Conflict (CyCon U.S.)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:1266898","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1266898","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/other"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:1266898","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/1266898","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/other"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1726121218","https://openalex.org/W2031767704","https://openalex.org/W2058715873","https://openalex.org/W2060422862","https://openalex.org/W3214074647","https://openalex.org/W6752390083","https://openalex.org/W6803975782"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368745349","https://openalex.org/W3167675181","https://openalex.org/W2131575257","https://openalex.org/W2372005904","https://openalex.org/W144012884","https://openalex.org/W2360897455","https://openalex.org/W2377660959","https://openalex.org/W2810589793","https://openalex.org/W4251169878","https://openalex.org/W2527886746"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Our":[0],"re-reinterpretation":[1],"of":[2,20,35,73,85,91],"Stuxnet":[3,24,107],"to":[4,43,57,124],"connect":[5],"the":[6,33,62,66,74,92],"dot":[7],"between":[8],"geopolitics":[9],"and":[10,29,50,88,121],"technology":[11],"tell":[12],"a":[13,17,26,59,78,111],"different":[14],"story":[15],"with":[16],"secondary":[18],"set":[19],"lessons.":[21],"We":[22],"believe":[23,104],"deserves":[25],"broader":[27],"legal":[28,49],"political":[30,51],"analysis":[31],"for":[32],"purposes":[34],"critical":[36],"thinking":[37],"about":[38],"how":[39],"cyberspace":[40],"is":[41],"used":[42],"achieve":[44],"international":[45,115,125],"security":[46],"objectives":[47],"from":[48],"angles.":[52],"In":[53],"particular,":[54],"we":[55,103],"seek":[56],"address":[58],"gap":[60],"in":[61],"literature,":[63],"asking":[64],"whether":[65],"worm":[67],"was":[68],"authorized":[69],"under":[70,114],"article":[71],"41":[72],"UN":[75],"charter":[76],"as":[77,110],"sanctions":[79],"enforcement":[80],"tool":[81],"through":[82],"an":[83],"interpretation":[84],"UNSC":[86],"resolutions":[87],"related":[89],"documents":[90],"International":[93],"Atomic":[94],"Energy":[95],"Agency":[96],"(IAEA).":[97],"If":[98],"such":[99],"authorization":[100],"exists":[101],"(and":[102],"it":[105],"might),":[106],"would":[108],"qualify":[109],"lawful":[112],"action":[113],"law,":[116],"targeting":[117],"Iran's":[118],"nuclear":[119],"equipment":[120],"software":[122],"pursuant":[123],"sanctions.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}