{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2061129148","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cycon.2014.6916409","title":"Key terrain in cyberspace: Seeking the high ground","display_name":"Key terrain in cyberspace: Seeking the high ground","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2061129148","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cycon.2014.6916409","mag":"2061129148"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cycon.2014.6916409","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cycon.2014.6916409","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 6th International Conference On Cyber Conflict (CyCon 2014)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081816877","display_name":"David Raymond","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192545095","display_name":"United States Military Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/01jepya76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I192545095","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136632","display_name":"Keller Army Community Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02w3g4478","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136632"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Raymond","raw_affiliation_strings":["Army Cyber Center West Point, New York, USA","[Army Cyber Center West Point, New York, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Army Cyber Center West Point, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192545095","https://openalex.org/I4210136632"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Army Cyber Center West Point, New York, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192545095"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077255604","display_name":"Tom Cross","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192545095","display_name":"United States Military Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/01jepya76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I192545095","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136632","display_name":"Keller Army Community Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02w3g4478","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136632"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom Cross","raw_affiliation_strings":["Army Cyber Center West Point, New York, USA","Lancope, Inc., Alpharetta, Georgia, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Army Cyber Center West Point, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192545095","https://openalex.org/I4210136632"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lancope, Inc., Alpharetta, Georgia, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037393131","display_name":"Gregory Conti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5099-7636"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192545095","display_name":"United States Military Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/01jepya76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I192545095","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory Conti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lancope, Inc., Alpharetta, Georgia, USA","[Army Cyber Center West Point, New York, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lancope, Inc., Alpharetta, Georgia, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Army Cyber Center West Point, New York, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192545095"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052132699","display_name":"Michael Nowatkowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1791-2324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192545095","display_name":"United States Military Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/01jepya76","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1304082316","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I192545095","https://openalex.org/I4210088792"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136632","display_name":"Keller Army Community Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02w3g4478","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136632"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Nowatkowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Army Cyber Center West Point, New York, USA","[Army Cyber Center West Point, New York, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Army Cyber Center West Point, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192545095","https://openalex.org/I4210136632"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Army Cyber Center West Point, New York, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192545095"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.2332,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99024207,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"287","last_page":"300"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12221","display_name":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12888","display_name":"Military Strategy and Technology","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.8463243842124939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyberspace","display_name":"Cyberspace","score":0.7975030541419983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6892099976539612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6507620811462402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6048981547355652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.44981151819229126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallels","display_name":"Parallels","score":0.41423341631889343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.3271038234233856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.24809840321540833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18222901225090027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.14639776945114136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.08598187565803528}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.8463243842124939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781241145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204606","display_name":"Cyberspace","level":3,"score":0.7975030541419983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6892099976539612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6507620811462402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6048981547355652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.44981151819229126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775922551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7135033","display_name":"Parallels","level":2,"score":0.41423341631889343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3271038234233856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.24809840321540833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18222901225090027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.14639776945114136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.08598187565803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cycon.2014.6916409","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cycon.2014.6916409","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2014 6th International Conference On Cyber Conflict (CyCon 2014)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510113361","https://openalex.org/W1845054072","https://openalex.org/W2108381092","https://openalex.org/W2143997285","https://openalex.org/W2779492526","https://openalex.org/W2883064881","https://openalex.org/W6630544353","https://openalex.org/W6638788187","https://openalex.org/W6681748756","https://openalex.org/W6753158797"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2277794996","https://openalex.org/W2368745349","https://openalex.org/W3167675181","https://openalex.org/W2372005904","https://openalex.org/W144012884","https://openalex.org/W2504593154","https://openalex.org/W2360897455","https://openalex.org/W2131575257","https://openalex.org/W4244588036","https://openalex.org/W2377660959"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,146,168],"military":[1],"doctrine,":[2],"key":[3,62,76,82,123,176,192,198,210,232],"terrain":[4,29,63,77,83,98,124,152,193,199,211,233],"refers":[5],"to":[6,14,21,41,66,80,99,102,107,157,247,254,258],"areas":[7],"which,":[8],"if":[9],"seized,":[10],"afford":[11],"an":[12,15,38,56,207,228],"advantage":[13],"attacker":[16],"or":[17,43,161],"defender.":[18],"When":[19],"applied":[20],"geographic":[22,81,163],"terrain,":[23,177],"this":[24,169],"definition":[25],"is":[26,64,78],"clear.":[27],"Key":[28],"might":[30],"include":[31,135],"a":[32,36,44,48,72,103,158,179,204,241],"hill":[33],"that":[34,50,122],"overlooks":[35],"valley":[37],"enemy":[39],"wants":[40],"control":[42],"crossing":[45],"point":[46],"over":[47],"river":[49],"must":[51],"be":[52,100,108,155,166,235],"traversed":[53],"before":[54],"launching":[55],"attack.":[57],"By":[58],"definition,":[59],"dominance":[60],"of":[61,71,130,150,197,209,219,230],"likely":[65],"decide":[67],"the":[68,131,136,162,215,221,224,252],"overall":[69],"outcome":[70],"battle.":[73],"While":[74],"cyber":[75,97,140,151,175,189,201,205,231],"similar":[79],"in":[84,110,125,200,214],"some":[85],"ways,":[86],"there":[87],"are":[88],"also":[89],"significant":[90],"and":[91,106,116,142,173,185,190,217,223,261],"often":[92],"counterintuitive":[93],"differences.":[94],"Some":[95],"consider":[96],"tied":[101,156],"physical":[104,191],"location":[105,164],"represented":[109],"cyberspace":[111,126,132],"by":[112],"routers,":[113],"switches,":[114],"cables,":[115],"other":[117],"devices.":[118],"We":[119],"will":[120,153,165,212],"argue":[121],"exists":[127],"at":[128],"all":[129,251],"planes,":[133],"which":[134],"geographic,":[137],"physical,":[138],"logical,":[139],"persona,":[141],"supervisory":[143],"planes":[144],"[1].":[145],"many":[147],"cases,":[148],"features":[149],"not":[154],"specific":[159],"location,":[160],"irrelevant.":[167],"paper":[170],"we":[171],"deconstruct":[172],"analyze":[174],"provide":[178],"generalized":[180],"framework":[181],"for":[182],"critical":[183],"analysis,":[184],"draw":[186],"parallels":[187],"between":[188],"while":[194],"providing":[195],"examples":[196],"operations.":[202],"During":[203,226],"operation,":[206],"analysis":[208],"aid":[213],"strategy":[216],"tactics":[218],"both":[220],"offense":[222],"defense.":[225],"peacetime,":[227],"understanding":[229],"can":[234],"employed":[236],"broadly,":[237],"ranging":[238],"from":[239],"helping":[240],"system":[242],"administrator":[243],"focus":[244],"scarce":[245],"resources":[246],"defend":[248],"his":[249],"network":[250],"way":[253],"allowing":[255],"nation-state":[256],"militaries":[257],"develop":[259],"long-lasting":[260],"effective":[262],"doctrine.":[263]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
