{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3043780676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cybersecurity49315.2020.9138878","title":"An Empirical Study of Key Generation in Cryptographic Ransomware","display_name":"An Empirical Study of Key Generation in Cryptographic Ransomware","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3043780676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cybersecurity49315.2020.9138878","mag":"3043780676"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cybersecurity49315.2020.9138878","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cybersecurity49315.2020.9138878","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 International Conference on Cyber Security and Protection of Digital Services (Cyber Security)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049640604","display_name":"Pranshu Bajpai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4662-4049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pranshu Bajpai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036446758","display_name":"Richard Enbody","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2415-5651"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Enbody","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1502,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78652194,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ransomware","display_name":"Ransomware","score":0.8311693668365479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.6964571475982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6249638795852661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6241991519927979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5290179252624512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-primitive","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","score":0.49883341789245605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-generation","display_name":"Key generation","score":0.4400142729282379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-protocol","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","score":0.25263550877571106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.15209311246871948}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777667771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926331","display_name":"Ransomware","level":3,"score":0.8311693668365479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.6964571475982666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6249638795852661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6241991519927979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5290179252624512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15927051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246593","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","level":4,"score":0.49883341789245605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163173736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3308558","display_name":"Key generation","level":3,"score":0.4400142729282379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.25263550877571106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.15209311246871948}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cybersecurity49315.2020.9138878","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cybersecurity49315.2020.9138878","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 International Conference on Cyber Security and Protection of Digital Services (Cyber Security)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W25360022","https://openalex.org/W1746848557","https://openalex.org/W1996360405","https://openalex.org/W2010910232","https://openalex.org/W2039652107","https://openalex.org/W2060145807","https://openalex.org/W2074224700","https://openalex.org/W2119359024","https://openalex.org/W2150423842","https://openalex.org/W2335588581","https://openalex.org/W2592102543","https://openalex.org/W2601591992","https://openalex.org/W2644662048","https://openalex.org/W2750688159","https://openalex.org/W2808131992","https://openalex.org/W3008300537","https://openalex.org/W3012214646","https://openalex.org/W3013376267","https://openalex.org/W4232836212","https://openalex.org/W4248806346","https://openalex.org/W6601067974","https://openalex.org/W6734754157"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3076507384","https://openalex.org/W2989194228","https://openalex.org/W3081108482","https://openalex.org/W4214872774","https://openalex.org/W2951667575","https://openalex.org/W2090942009","https://openalex.org/W1950779939","https://openalex.org/W2546431841","https://openalex.org/W2005404261","https://openalex.org/W2952781863"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ransomware":[0],"acquire":[1],"the":[2,53,73,79,90,100,119],"leverage":[3],"necessary":[4],"for":[5,31],"ransom":[6],"extraction":[7],"via":[8],"encryption":[9,14],"of":[10,22,44,55,59,72,81,86,112,122],"irreplaceable":[11],"data.":[12],"Successful":[13],"requires":[15],"secure":[16],"key":[17,23,45,65,123],"generation":[18,24,46,124],"and":[19,35,62,84,125],"therefore":[20],"comprehension":[21],"strategies":[25,47,75,92,106],"deployed":[26],"in":[27,49,67,78,117,127],"ransomware":[28,51,102],"is":[29,76],"critical":[30,120],"developing":[32],"effective":[33],"response":[34],"recovery":[36],"solutions.":[37],"This":[38],"paper":[39],"presents":[40],"a":[41,96,110],"systematic":[42],"study":[43],"observed":[48],"modern":[50],"with":[52],"goal":[54],"facilitating":[56],"swift":[57],"identification":[58],"cryptographically":[60],"insecure":[61],"operationally":[63],"nonviable":[64],"routines":[66],"novel":[68,128],"threats.":[69],"Empirical":[70],"evidence":[71],"identified":[74,91],"provided":[77],"form":[80],"code":[82],"snippets":[83],"disassembly":[85],"real-world":[87],"ransomware.":[88,129],"Additionally,":[89],"are":[93],"mapped":[94],"to":[95],"timeline":[97],"based":[98],"on":[99],"actual":[101],"samples":[103],"where":[104],"these":[105],"were":[107],"observed.":[108],"Finally,":[109],"list":[111],"10":[113],"questions":[114],"provides":[115],"guidance":[116],"recognizing":[118],"intricacies":[121],"deployment":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
