{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2767152659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cybersa.2017.8073391","title":"Towards the normalization of cybercrime victimization: A routine activities analysis of cybercrime in europe","display_name":"Towards the normalization of cybercrime victimization: A routine activities analysis of cybercrime in europe","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2767152659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cybersa.2017.8073391","mag":"2767152659"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cybersa.2017.8073391","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cybersa.2017.8073391","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 International Conference On Cyber Situational Awareness, Data Analytics And Assessment (Cyber SA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086905649","display_name":"Marianne Junger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9515-9860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marianne Junger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Industrial Engineering and Business Information Systems, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Industrial Engineering and Business Information Systems, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042976194","display_name":"Lorena Montoya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6403-9834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorena Montoya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Services Cyber-security and Safety, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Services Cyber-security and Safety, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016345474","display_name":"Pieter Hartel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0411-0421"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pieter Hartel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Services Cyber-security and Safety, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Services Cyber-security and Safety, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081394190","display_name":"Maliheh Heydari","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200432940","display_name":"Allameh Tabataba'i University","ror":"https://ror.org/02cc4gc68","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200432940"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maliheh Heydari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Allameh Tabataba'i, University Teheran, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Allameh Tabataba'i, University Teheran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200432940"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086905649"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3854,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93852864,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11838","display_name":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cybercrime","display_name":"Cybercrime","score":0.9642889499664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eurobarometer","display_name":"Eurobarometer","score":0.7854419946670532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.6346958875656128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-crime","display_name":"Cyber crime","score":0.5131088495254517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5096662044525146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.43679964542388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminology","display_name":"Criminology","score":0.3930855691432953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.32311829924583435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3039976954460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.3032104969024658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.28594937920570374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.08429950475692749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.08360862731933594}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779390178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29137","display_name":"Cybercrime","level":3,"score":0.9642889499664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777967642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q748216","display_name":"Eurobarometer","level":3,"score":0.7854419946670532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.6346958875656128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989129637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29137","display_name":"Cyber crime","level":3,"score":0.5131088495254517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5096662044525146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.43679964542388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.3930855691432953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.32311829924583435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3039976954460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3032104969024658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.28594937920570374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.08429950475692749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.08360862731933594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105639569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582577","display_name":"Economic policy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cybersa.2017.8073391","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cybersa.2017.8073391","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 International Conference On Cyber Situational Awareness, Data Analytics And Assessment (Cyber SA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:openaire_cris_publications/a33f0bee-d617-467a-b053-204ac9144c62","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/a33f0bee-d617-467a-b053-204ac9144c62","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922991","display_name":"University of Twente Research Information","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Junger, M, Montoya, L, Hartel, P H & Heydari, M 2017, Towards the normalization of cybercrime victimization : A routine activities analysis of cybercrime in europe. in 2017 International Conference On Cyber Situational Awareness, Data Analytics And Assessment (Cyber SA). IEEE, 2017 International Conference On Cyber Situational Awareness, Data Analytics And Assessment, London, United Kingdom, 19/06/17. https://doi.org/10.1109/CyberSA.2017.8073391","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:openaire_cris_publications/a33f0bee-d617-467a-b053-204ac9144c62","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19289163","https://openalex.org/W134769238","https://openalex.org/W136556427","https://openalex.org/W176818371","https://openalex.org/W205305182","https://openalex.org/W582365371","https://openalex.org/W1522045871","https://openalex.org/W1546783247","https://openalex.org/W1580901501","https://openalex.org/W1601927767","https://openalex.org/W1692538721","https://openalex.org/W1965243486","https://openalex.org/W1965858769","https://openalex.org/W1974961651","https://openalex.org/W1975200586","https://openalex.org/W1984757651","https://openalex.org/W2022224555","https://openalex.org/W2033301099","https://openalex.org/W2046131484","https://openalex.org/W2046371459","https://openalex.org/W2059621117","https://openalex.org/W2061280906","https://openalex.org/W2062249681","https://openalex.org/W2064442614","https://openalex.org/W2089112285","https://openalex.org/W2096140440","https://openalex.org/W2097229770","https://openalex.org/W2104001538","https://openalex.org/W2115339294","https://openalex.org/W2116728773","https://openalex.org/W2117105142","https://openalex.org/W2122201185","https://openalex.org/W2126360800","https://openalex.org/W2131867322","https://openalex.org/W2133062599","https://openalex.org/W2141660908","https://openalex.org/W2146833590","https://openalex.org/W2161881360","https://openalex.org/W2166660605","https://openalex.org/W2186215253","https://openalex.org/W2209453414","https://openalex.org/W2257923050","https://openalex.org/W2316759376","https://openalex.org/W2992621200","https://openalex.org/W4214755474","https://openalex.org/W4244901221","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6600770512","https://openalex.org/W6635864668","https://openalex.org/W6684721935","https://openalex.org/W6692301179","https://openalex.org/W6754653494","https://openalex.org/W6999701276","https://openalex.org/W7014194210"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3006110715","https://openalex.org/W3000838006","https://openalex.org/W4312338404","https://openalex.org/W3090832836","https://openalex.org/W2490674191","https://openalex.org/W3194832539","https://openalex.org/W2887484659","https://openalex.org/W2032900633","https://openalex.org/W2613797116","https://openalex.org/W4231455457"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,35,51],"relationships":[4],"between":[5],"users'":[6],"routine":[7],"activities":[8],"and":[9,12,27],"socio-economic":[10],"characteristics":[11,81],"three":[13,87],"forms":[14,88],"of":[15,18,40,67,75,89,97,99,105,116,118],"cybercrime":[16],"victimization":[17,90],"1)":[19],"online":[20,24,42,68,76,100],"shopping":[21],"fraud,":[22,70],"2)":[23],"banking":[25,77],"fraud":[26],"3)":[28],"cyber-attacks":[29],"(i.e.":[30],"DDoS":[31],"attacks).":[32],"Data":[33],"from":[34,103],"Eurobarometer,":[36],"containing":[37],"a":[38,114],"sample":[39],"17,811":[41],"European":[43],"citizens":[44],"was":[45],"analyzed.":[46],"The":[47,86,95],"results":[48],"generally":[49],"support":[50],"Routine":[52],"Activities":[53],"Theory.":[54],"There":[55],"were":[56,63,82,91],"few":[57],"differences":[58],"by":[59],"sex.":[60],"Younger":[61],"respondents":[62,73],"more":[64,74],"at":[65],"risk":[66],"purchase":[69],"but":[71],"older":[72],"fraud.":[78],"Few":[79],"economic":[80],"related":[83],"to":[84,113],"victimization.":[85],"interrelated":[92],"relatively":[93],"strongly.":[94],"characteristic":[96],"victims":[98],"crime":[101],"differ":[102],"those":[104],"traditional":[106],"crime.":[107],"We":[108],"propose":[109],"that":[110],"digitalization":[111],"leads":[112],"`normalization":[115],"victims'":[117],"cybercrime.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
