{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7147312875","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cw68232.2025.00016","title":"Low-Frequency First: Eliminating Floating Artifacts in 3D Gaussian Splatting","display_name":"Low-Frequency First: Eliminating Floating Artifacts in 3D Gaussian Splatting","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7147312875","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cw68232.2025.00016"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cw68232.2025.00016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cw68232.2025.00016","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Conference on Cyberworlds (CW\uff09","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046331783","display_name":"J. Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1688-9330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianchao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence Technology, Ministry of Education,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence Technology, Ministry of Education,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132672243","display_name":"Peng Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence Technology, Ministry of Education,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence Technology, Ministry of Education,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5132579336","display_name":"Cen Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence Technology, Ministry of Education,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence Technology, Ministry of Education,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030103840","display_name":"Rong Quan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1494-6193"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rong Quan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence Technology, Ministry of Education,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence Technology, Ministry of Education,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146643007","display_name":"Jie Qin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence Technology, Ministry of Education,China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence Technology, Ministry of Education,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4784,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96405836,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.5223000049591064,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.5223000049591064,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.07360000163316727,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.06129999831318855,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.7455999851226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.536300003528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.5332000255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-process","display_name":"Gaussian process","score":0.47049999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4683000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixture-model","display_name":"Mixture model","score":0.4415999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.35179999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-data","display_name":"Synthetic data","score":0.3208000063896179}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.7455999851226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5738999843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.536300003528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5332000255584717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61326573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496376","display_name":"Gaussian process","level":3,"score":0.47049999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.46880000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4683000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61224824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434","display_name":"Mixture model","level":2,"score":0.4415999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.35179999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160920958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662746","display_name":"Synthetic data","level":2,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.31470000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3084000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.2955999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.28850001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.2849999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4199805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725903","display_name":"Gaussian noise","level":2,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65892221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1113935","display_name":"Gaussian filter","level":3,"score":0.25450000166893005}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cw68232.2025.00016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cw68232.2025.00016","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 International Conference on Cyberworlds (CW\uff09","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41831716895103455,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5196554230","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62276129,62206127","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306080","funder_display_name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306080","display_name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/00k86s890"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2738551266","https://openalex.org/W3034175346","https://openalex.org/W3109585842","https://openalex.org/W3203107147","https://openalex.org/W3215769467","https://openalex.org/W4221151978","https://openalex.org/W4312325284","https://openalex.org/W4385318467","https://openalex.org/W4386065437","https://openalex.org/W4386076255","https://openalex.org/W4390872653","https://openalex.org/W4390873331","https://openalex.org/W4393248012","https://openalex.org/W4402702918","https://openalex.org/W4402704609","https://openalex.org/W4402715988","https://openalex.org/W4402716301","https://openalex.org/W4402727529","https://openalex.org/W4402727865","https://openalex.org/W4402727915","https://openalex.org/W4402753826","https://openalex.org/W4402775411","https://openalex.org/W4403296117","https://openalex.org/W4404524486","https://openalex.org/W4404526070","https://openalex.org/W4405811732","https://openalex.org/W4415795828","https://openalex.org/W4415800701","https://openalex.org/W7138433383"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"3D":[0,12,157],"Gaussian":[1,81,105],"Splatting":[2,82],"(3DGS)":[3],"is":[4],"a":[5,63],"powerful":[6],"and":[7,31,66,99,116],"computationally":[8],"efficient":[9],"representation":[10],"for":[11],"reconstruction.":[13],"Despite":[14],"its":[15],"strengths,":[16],"3DGS":[17],"often":[18],"produces":[19],"floating":[20,60,124],"artifacts,":[21,41],"which":[22,84],"are":[23],"erroneous":[24],"structures":[25],"detached":[26],"from":[27,62],"the":[28,57,71,150],"actual":[29],"geometry":[30],"significantly":[32],"degrade":[33],"visual":[34],"fidelity.":[35],"The":[36],"underlying":[37],"mechanisms":[38],"causing":[39],"these":[40],"particularly":[42],"in":[43,155,164],"low-quality":[44],"initialization":[45],"scenarios,":[46],"have":[47],"not":[48],"been":[49],"fully":[50],"explored.":[51],"In":[52],"this":[53],"paper,":[54],"we":[55,78,95,148],"investigate":[56],"origins":[58],"of":[59,152],"artifacts":[61,125],"frequency-domain":[64],"perspective":[65],"identify":[67],"under-optimized":[68,87],"Gaussians":[69,88],"as":[70],"primary":[72],"source.":[73],"Based":[74],"on":[75,113,143],"our":[76,144,153,162],"analysis,":[77],"propose":[79],"Eliminating-Floating-Artifacts":[80],"(EFA-GS),":[83],"selectively":[85],"expands":[86],"to":[89,102],"prioritize":[90],"accurate":[91],"low-frequency":[92],"learning.":[93],"Additionally,":[94],"introduce":[96],"complementary":[97],"depth-based":[98],"scale-based":[100],"strategies":[101],"dynamically":[103],"refine":[104],"expansion,":[106],"effectively":[107],"mitigating":[108],"detail":[109],"erosion.":[110],"Extensive":[111],"experiments":[112],"both":[114],"synthetic":[115],"real-world":[117],"datasets":[118],"demonstrate":[119],"that":[120],"EFA-GS":[121],"substantially":[122],"reduces":[123],"while":[126],"preserving":[127],"high-frequency":[128],"details,":[129],"achieving":[130],"an":[131],"improvement":[132],"of$\\text{1.":[133],"6":[134],"8":[135],"~":[136],"d":[137],"B}$in":[138],"PSNR":[139],"over":[140],"baseline":[141],"method":[142],"RWLQ":[145],"dataset.":[146],"Furthermore,":[147],"validate":[149],"effectiveness":[151],"approach":[154],"downstream":[156],"editing":[158],"tasks.":[159],"We":[160],"provide":[161],"implementation":[163],"https://jcwang-gh.github.io/EFA-GS.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2026-04-02T00:00:00"}
