{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292787341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw56347.2022.00168","title":"On the Effect of Atmospheric Turbulence in the Feature Space of Deep Face Recognition","display_name":"On the Effect of Atmospheric Turbulence in the Feature Space of Deep Face Recognition","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292787341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw56347.2022.00168"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvprw56347.2022.00168","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw56347.2022.00168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607748","display_name":"2022 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089225887","display_name":"Wes Robbins","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I888729015","display_name":"University of Colorado Colorado Springs","ror":"https://ror.org/054spjc55","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I888729015"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wes Robbins","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado,Colorado Springs","University of Colorado, Colorado Springs"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado,Colorado Springs","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I888729015"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado, Colorado Springs","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I888729015"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049661026","display_name":"Terrance E. Boult","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5007-2529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I888729015","display_name":"University of Colorado Colorado Springs","ror":"https://ror.org/054spjc55","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I888729015"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Terrance Boult","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Colorado,Colorado Springs","University of Colorado, Colorado Springs"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado,Colorado Springs","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I888729015"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Colorado, Colorado Springs","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I888729015"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089225887"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I888729015"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1386,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85291601,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1617","last_page":"1625"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9722999930381775,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9696000218391418,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6817095875740051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5955005884170532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5947861671447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbulence","display_name":"Turbulence","score":0.5741424560546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5228762626647949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5082737803459167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4380396902561188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-wave","display_name":"Atmospheric wave","score":0.42548680305480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4179527163505554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.33493030071258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.23774737119674683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.18035888671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.13290631771087646}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6817095875740051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5955005884170532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5947861671447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.5741424560546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5228762626647949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5082737803459167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4380396902561188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177707082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757526","display_name":"Atmospheric wave","level":4,"score":0.42548680305480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4179527163505554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.33493030071258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23774737119674683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.18035888671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.13290631771087646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44886760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758425","display_name":"Wave propagation","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185975314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599451","display_name":"Gravity wave","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvprw56347.2022.00168","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw56347.2022.00168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607748","display_name":"2022 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320312530","display_name":"Office of the Director of National Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01v3fsc55"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333051","display_name":"Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity","ror":"https://ror.org/01v3fsc55"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1782590233","https://openalex.org/W1986708280","https://openalex.org/W2003749430","https://openalex.org/W2013495493","https://openalex.org/W2074397823","https://openalex.org/W2114496548","https://openalex.org/W2404498690","https://openalex.org/W2511484725","https://openalex.org/W2663800299","https://openalex.org/W2898828866","https://openalex.org/W2952140516","https://openalex.org/W2962898354","https://openalex.org/W2963466847","https://openalex.org/W2963743395","https://openalex.org/W2964337079","https://openalex.org/W2969985801","https://openalex.org/W2979925061","https://openalex.org/W3013338555","https://openalex.org/W3035253074","https://openalex.org/W3104668471","https://openalex.org/W3128013271","https://openalex.org/W3134961575","https://openalex.org/W3169129566","https://openalex.org/W3183800428","https://openalex.org/W3193420294","https://openalex.org/W3194367448","https://openalex.org/W3206484473","https://openalex.org/W6638046521","https://openalex.org/W6736780073","https://openalex.org/W6748257384","https://openalex.org/W6754995574"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2325574833","https://openalex.org/W628108189","https://openalex.org/W3010921616","https://openalex.org/W778382878","https://openalex.org/W4206216482","https://openalex.org/W2000633040","https://openalex.org/W3023562559","https://openalex.org/W2098693229","https://openalex.org/W2132337154","https://openalex.org/W2384651879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"captured":[1],"over":[2],"long":[3],"distances,":[4],"image":[5],"quality":[6],"is":[7,55],"degraded":[8],"by":[9,74,103],"inconsistent":[10],"refractive":[11],"indexes":[12],"in":[13,71,84,175],"the":[14,39,79,85,125,129],"atmosphere.":[15],"This":[16],"effect,":[17],"known":[18],"as":[19,32,119,169],"Atmospheric":[20],"Turbulence":[21],"(AT),":[22],"leads":[23],"to":[24,44,59,137,181],"lower":[25],"performance":[26,97],"for":[27,37,172],"vision-based":[28],"biometric":[29],"systems":[30],"such":[31,118],"face":[33,90,143],"recognition.":[34,91],"To":[35],"account":[36],"AT,":[38],"literature":[40],"has":[41,51],"proposed":[42],"methods":[43],"restore":[45],"face-images":[46],"from":[47,128],"atmospheric":[48,62,82,146],"turbulence,":[49],"but":[50],"limited":[52],"success.":[53],"There":[54],"still":[56],"a":[57,69,76,104,170],"need":[58],"understand":[60],"how":[61],"turbulence":[63,83,147],"breaks":[64],"recognition":[65,96,144],"performance.":[66],"We":[67,92],"offer":[68],"first-look":[70],"this":[72],"direction":[73],"providing":[75],"study":[77],"on":[78,95],"effect":[80,140],"of":[81,88,107,162],"feature":[86,99,112,121,153],"space":[87,100],"deep-learning-based":[89],"present":[93],"results":[94],"and":[98],"transformation":[101],"caused":[102],"wide":[105],"range":[106],"AT":[108],"levels.":[109],"In":[110,155],"deep":[111],"space,":[113],"we":[114,134,151],"find":[115],"interesting":[116],"phenomena":[117],"increasing":[120],"magnitudes,":[122],"which":[123,150,165],"contradicts":[124],"expected":[126],"result":[127],"literature.":[130],"From":[131],"our":[132,157],"results,":[133],"are":[135,179],"able":[136],"identify":[138],"an":[139],"that":[141,178],"makes":[142],"under":[145],"uniquely":[148],"difficult,":[149],"call":[152],"defection.":[154],"total,":[156],"findings":[158],"suggest":[159],"several":[160],"areas":[161],"available":[163],"improvement":[164],"can":[166],"be":[167],"used":[168],"guideline":[171],"further":[173],"progress":[174],"building":[176],"models":[177],"robust":[180],"AT.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-12-19T19:40:27.379048","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
