{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1938551397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2015.7301341","title":"Spatiotemporal analysis of RGB-D-T facial images for multimodal pain level recognition","display_name":"Spatiotemporal analysis of RGB-D-T facial images for multimodal pain level recognition","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1938551397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2015.7301341","mag":"1938551397"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvprw.2015.7301341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2015.7301341","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/files/210011403/PID3686207.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078893990","display_name":"Ramin Irani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1028-740X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramin Irani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visual Analysis of People (VAP) Laboratory, Aalborg, Denmark","Visual Analysis of People (VAP) Laboratory, Rendsburggade 14, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Analysis of People (VAP) Laboratory, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Analysis of People (VAP) Laboratory, Rendsburggade 14, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041199606","display_name":"Kamal Nasrollahi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1953-0429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamal Nasrollahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visual Analysis of People (VAP) Laboratory, Aalborg, Denmark","Visual Analysis of People (VAP) Laboratory, Rendsburggade 14, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Analysis of People (VAP) Laboratory, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Analysis of People (VAP) Laboratory, Rendsburggade 14, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032120309","display_name":"Marc Oliu Sim\u00f3n","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122226","display_name":"Centre de Recerca Matem\u00e0tica","ror":"https://ror.org/020s51w82","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122226","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153096","display_name":"Computer Vision Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00s0nnj93","country_code":null,"type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153040","https://openalex.org/I4387153096"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc O. Simon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. Applied Methematics, University of Barcelona, UAB Edificio O, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola), Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona","Computer Vision Center, UAB, Edificio O, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola), Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. Applied Methematics, University of Barcelona, UAB Edificio O, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola), Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942","https://openalex.org/I4210122226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Center, UAB, Edificio O, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola), Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122226","https://openalex.org/I4387153096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080225902","display_name":"Ciprian Corneanu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122226","display_name":"Centre de Recerca Matem\u00e0tica","ror":"https://ror.org/020s51w82","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122226","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153096","display_name":"Computer Vision Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00s0nnj93","country_code":null,"type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153040","https://openalex.org/I4387153096"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ciprian A. Corneanu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. Applied Methematics, University of Barcelona, UAB Edificio O, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola), Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona","Computer Vision Center, UAB, Edificio O, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola), Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. Applied Methematics, University of Barcelona, UAB Edificio O, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola), Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942","https://openalex.org/I4210122226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Center, UAB, Edificio O, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola), Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122226","https://openalex.org/I4387153096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038228433","display_name":"S\u00e9rgio Escalera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0617-8873"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122226","display_name":"Centre de Recerca Matem\u00e0tica","ror":"https://ror.org/020s51w82","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122226","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153096","display_name":"Computer Vision Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00s0nnj93","country_code":null,"type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153040","https://openalex.org/I4387153096"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio Escalera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. Applied Methematics, University of Barcelona, UAB Edificio O, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola), Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona","Computer Vision Center, UAB, Edificio O, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola), Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. Applied Methematics, University of Barcelona, UAB Edificio O, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola), Barcelona, Spain, Barcelona","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942","https://openalex.org/I4210122226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision Center, UAB, Edificio O, Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola), Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122226","https://openalex.org/I4387153096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027786603","display_name":"Chris Bahnsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8665-2418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Bahnsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visual Analysis of People (VAP) Laboratory, Aalborg, Denmark","Visual Analysis of People (VAP) Laboratory, Rendsburggade 14, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Analysis of People (VAP) Laboratory, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Analysis of People (VAP) Laboratory, Rendsburggade 14, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052112462","display_name":"Dennis H. Lundtoft","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dennis H. Lundtoft","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visual Analysis of People (VAP) Laboratory, Aalborg, Denmark","Visual Analysis of People (VAP) Laboratory, Rendsburggade 14, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Analysis of People (VAP) Laboratory, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Analysis of People (VAP) Laboratory, Rendsburggade 14, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022176859","display_name":"Thomas B. Moeslund","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7584-5209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas B. Moeslund","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visual Analysis of People (VAP) Laboratory, Aalborg, Denmark","Visual Analysis of People (VAP) Laboratory, Rendsburggade 14, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Analysis of People (VAP) Laboratory, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visual Analysis of People (VAP) Laboratory, Rendsburggade 14, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051212244","display_name":"Tanja L. Pedersen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139223","display_name":"Aalborg Portland (Denmark)","ror":"https://ror.org/03fs09n75","country_code":"DK","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139223"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanja L. Pedersen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg, Denmark","Dept. of Communication and Psychology, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139223","https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Communication and Psychology, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039386767","display_name":"Maria-Louise Klitgaard","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139223","display_name":"Aalborg Portland (Denmark)","ror":"https://ror.org/03fs09n75","country_code":"DK","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139223"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria-Louise Klitgaard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg, Denmark","Dept. of Communication and Psychology, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139223","https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Communication and Psychology, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059366977","display_name":"Laura Petrini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-1944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139223","display_name":"Aalborg Portland (Denmark)","ror":"https://ror.org/03fs09n75","country_code":"DK","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139223"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Petrini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg, Denmark","Dept. of Communication and Psychology, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139223","https://openalex.org/I891191580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Communication and Psychology, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7571,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92223269,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"88","last_page":"95"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12994","display_name":"Infrared Thermography in Medicine","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6873810291290283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6765762567520142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5769465565681458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.5520077347755432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4615374505519867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.44624632596969604}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6873810291290283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6765762567520142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5769465565681458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.5520077347755432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4615374505519867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.44624632596969604}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvprw.2015.7301341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2015.7301341","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/7dd52a91-f9a6-4492-a5e0-429929f942b4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/7dd52a91-f9a6-4492-a5e0-429929f942b4","pdf_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/files/210011403/PID3686207.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/7dd52a91-f9a6-4492-a5e0-429929f942b4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/7dd52a91-f9a6-4492-a5e0-429929f942b4","pdf_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/files/210011403/PID3686207.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1938551397.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1938551397.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W163619944","https://openalex.org/W173268414","https://openalex.org/W417704678","https://openalex.org/W1263167383","https://openalex.org/W1590099432","https://openalex.org/W1595126664","https://openalex.org/W1796263212","https://openalex.org/W1949888834","https://openalex.org/W1963949534","https://openalex.org/W1978963692","https://openalex.org/W1989461254","https://openalex.org/W1996089789","https://openalex.org/W1997822971","https://openalex.org/W2002368249","https://openalex.org/W2005733474","https://openalex.org/W2006902452","https://openalex.org/W2025811007","https://openalex.org/W2027346833","https://openalex.org/W2032558548","https://openalex.org/W2047508432","https://openalex.org/W2053907973","https://openalex.org/W2058961190","https://openalex.org/W2066642295","https://openalex.org/W2066658540","https://openalex.org/W2066727414","https://openalex.org/W2072439449","https://openalex.org/W2080292705","https://openalex.org/W2090495691","https://openalex.org/W2098615198","https://openalex.org/W2106043670","https://openalex.org/W2106947945","https://openalex.org/W2108385997","https://openalex.org/W2131462465","https://openalex.org/W2146994234","https://openalex.org/W2148071321","https://openalex.org/W2152627593","https://openalex.org/W2157285372","https://openalex.org/W2162012761","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2166087694","https://openalex.org/W2173219554","https://openalex.org/W2395780202","https://openalex.org/W2421022946","https://openalex.org/W2487087946","https://openalex.org/W4210267733","https://openalex.org/W4230489262","https://openalex.org/W6614367307","https://openalex.org/W6628167477","https://openalex.org/W6635331662","https://openalex.org/W6662335928","https://openalex.org/W6711895789"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pain":[0],"is":[1],"a":[2,65,70],"vital":[3],"sign":[4],"of":[5,14,41,72,96],"human":[6],"health":[7],"and":[8,45,88],"its":[9],"automatic":[10],"detection":[11],"can":[12],"be":[13],"crucial":[15],"importance":[16],"in":[17,34,94],"many":[18],"different":[19],"contexts,":[20],"including":[21],"medical":[22],"scenarios.":[23],"While":[24],"most":[25],"available":[26],"computer":[27],"vision":[28],"techniques":[29],"are":[30],"based":[31],"on":[32,69],"RGB,":[33,43],"this":[35,55],"paper,":[36],"we":[37,57],"investigate":[38],"the":[39,77,82,97,105],"effect":[40],"combining":[42],"depth,":[44],"thermal":[46],"facial":[47,62],"images":[48],"for":[49],"pain":[50,87],"intensity":[51,92],"level":[52],"recognition.":[53],"For":[54],"purpose,":[56],"extract":[58],"energies":[59],"released":[60],"by":[61,101],"pixels":[63],"using":[64],"spatiotemporal":[66],"filter.":[67],"Experiments":[68],"group":[71],"12":[73],"elderly":[74],"people":[75],"applying":[76],"multimodal":[78],"approach":[79],"show":[80],"that":[81,107],"proposed":[83],"method":[84],"successfully":[85],"detects":[86],"recognizes":[89],"between":[90],"three":[91],"levels":[93],"82%":[95],"analyzed":[98],"frames,":[99],"improving":[100],"more":[102],"than":[103],"6%":[104],"results":[106],"only":[108],"consider":[109],"RGB":[110],"data.":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
