{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2122602549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2011.5981818","title":"Facial marks as biometric signatures to distinguish between identical twins","display_name":"Facial marks as biometric signatures to distinguish between identical twins","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2122602549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2011.5981818","mag":"2122602549"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvprw.2011.5981818","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2011.5981818","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CVPR 2011 WORKSHOPS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038625620","display_name":"Nisha Srinivas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0493-935X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nisha Srinivas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, USA","Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036442823","display_name":"Gaurav Aggarwal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8180-9287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaurav Aggarwal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, USA","Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039987576","display_name":"Patrick J. Flynn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5446-114X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick J Flynn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, USA","Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112665673","display_name":"Richard W. Vorder Bruegge","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1327714866","display_name":"Federal Bureau of Investigation","ror":"https://ror.org/00ta5r839","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1314586196","https://openalex.org/I1327714866"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101396","display_name":"Communications Technology Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/015xey021","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I4210101396"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard W. Vorder Bruegge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Evidence Laboratory, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Quantico, VA, USA","Digital Evidence Lab., Fed. Bur. of Investig., Quantico, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Evidence Laboratory, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Quantico, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1327714866"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Evidence Lab., Fed. Bur. of Investig., Quantico, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101396"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"106","last_page":"113"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10992","display_name":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","score":0.9495000243186951,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.8186652660369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6641156077384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6037395000457764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5880630016326904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5673847198486328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identical-twins","display_name":"Identical twins","score":0.5232188701629639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5049403309822083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5008175373077393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.49866747856140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.4973335564136505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.48543792963027954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.47260409593582153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3394896686077118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20945453643798828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.19180607795715332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.0979648232460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.08240604400634766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.06273448467254639}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.8186652660369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6641156077384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6037395000457764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5880630016326904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5673847198486328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020537875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159979","display_name":"Identical twins","level":2,"score":0.5232188701629639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5049403309822083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5008175373077393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.49866747856140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4973335564136505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.48543792963027954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.47260409593582153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3394896686077118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20945453643798828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.19180607795715332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0979648232460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.08240604400634766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.06273448467254639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvprw.2011.5981818","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2011.5981818","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CVPR 2011 WORKSHOPS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.409.82","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.409.82","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cse.nd.edu/~flynn/papers/SrinivasAggarwalFlynn_Facial_CVPRW2011.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535857863","https://openalex.org/W1997343507","https://openalex.org/W2013076830","https://openalex.org/W2057853461","https://openalex.org/W2084553085","https://openalex.org/W2102512156","https://openalex.org/W2106570276","https://openalex.org/W2120070835","https://openalex.org/W2126475620","https://openalex.org/W2147327413","https://openalex.org/W2222512263","https://openalex.org/W2405686381","https://openalex.org/W6674975915"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076845124","https://openalex.org/W2183964146","https://openalex.org/W2379932303","https://openalex.org/W3147744369","https://openalex.org/W4241440711","https://openalex.org/W2062586268","https://openalex.org/W2019582947","https://openalex.org/W1535857863","https://openalex.org/W2988581917","https://openalex.org/W1997343507"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"exists":[1],"a":[2,46,94,159],"high":[3],"degree":[4,175],"of":[5,21,38,74,85,96,109,147,153,155,173,176,180],"similarity":[6],"in":[7,35,41,143],"facial":[8,54,75,97,111,156,181],"appearance":[9,55],"between":[10,29,87,178],"identical":[11,88,185],"twins":[12],"that":[13,56,62,99],"makes":[14],"it":[15],"difficult":[16],"for":[17],"even":[18,65],"the":[19,22,32,36,72,83,136,151,171],"state":[20],"art":[23],"face":[24,123,132],"matching":[25],"systems":[26],"to":[27,48,52,120,165,184],"distinguish":[28],"them.":[30],"Given":[31],"consistent":[33],"increase":[34],"number":[37],"twin":[39,122,131],"births":[40],"recent":[42],"decades,":[43],"there":[44],"is":[45,118,127],"need":[47],"develop":[49],"alternate":[50],"approaches":[51],"characterize":[53,93,121],"can":[57],"address":[58],"this":[59,68],"challenging":[60],"task":[61,84],"has":[63],"eluded":[64],"humans.":[66],"In":[67,162],"paper,":[69],"we":[70],"investigate":[71],"usefulness":[73,152],"marks":[76,98,112,157,182],"as":[77,158],"biometric":[78,160],"signatures":[79],"with":[80,114],"focus":[81],"on":[82,129],"distinguishing":[86],"twins.":[89,186],"We":[90],"define":[91],"and":[92],"set":[95],"are":[100],"manually":[101],"annotated":[102,110],"by":[103],"multiple":[104],"observers.":[105],"The":[106,125,145],"geometric":[107],"distribution":[108,154],"along":[113],"their":[115],"respective":[116],"categories":[117],"used":[119],"images.":[124],"analysis":[126,149],"conducted":[128],"295":[130],"images":[133],"acquired":[134],"at":[135,140],"Twins":[137],"Days":[138],"Festival":[139],"Twinsburg,":[141],"Ohio,":[142],"2009.":[144],"results":[146,169],"our":[148,168],"signify":[150],"signature.":[161],"addition,":[163],"contrary":[164],"prior":[166],"research,":[167],"indicate":[170],"existence":[172],"some":[174],"correlation":[177],"positions":[179],"belonging":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}