{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2111916431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2011.5981817","title":"A common framework for real-time emotion recognition and facial action unit detection","display_name":"A common framework for real-time emotion recognition and facial action unit detection","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2111916431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2011.5981817","mag":"2111916431"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvprw.2011.5981817","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2011.5981817","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CVPR 2011 WORKSHOPS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006308425","display_name":"Tobias Gehrig","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tobias Gehrig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facial Image Processing and Analysis Group, Institute of Anthropomatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","Facial Image Processing and Analysis Group, Institute for Anthropomatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 6980 Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facial Image Processing and Analysis Group, Institute of Anthropomatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facial Image Processing and Analysis Group, Institute for Anthropomatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 6980 Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009982931","display_name":"Haz\u0131m Kemal Ekenel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3697-8548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hazim Kemal Ekenel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Facial Image Processing and Analysis Group, Institute of Anthropomatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","Facial Image Processing and Analysis Group, Institute for Anthropomatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 6980 Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facial Image Processing and Analysis Group, Institute of Anthropomatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Facial Image Processing and Analysis Group, Institute for Anthropomatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76131 Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 6980 Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7281272411346436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6600275039672852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-recognition","display_name":"Emotion recognition","score":0.6472126841545105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6251559257507324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.619838297367096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6071123480796814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.5983816385269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action-recognition","display_name":"Action recognition","score":0.5633707046508789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.559349536895752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5387104749679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.5132150650024414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.49515286087989807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-cosine-transform","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","score":0.4550418257713318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.4517275393009186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-detection","display_name":"Emotion detection","score":0.45040401816368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unit","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","score":0.4105081856250763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3722190260887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.13533538579940796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13109463453292847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07453364133834839}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7281272411346436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6600275039672852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777438025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339090","display_name":"Emotion recognition","level":2,"score":0.6472126841545105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6251559257507324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.619838297367096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6071123480796814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.5983816385269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987834672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677630","display_name":"Action recognition","level":3,"score":0.5633707046508789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.559349536895752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5387104749679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5132150650024414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.49515286087989807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2221639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2877","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","level":3,"score":0.4550418257713318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.4517275393009186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988148770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339090","display_name":"Emotion detection","level":3,"score":0.45040401816368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122637931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118084","display_name":"Unit (ring theory)","level":2,"score":0.4105081856250763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3722190260887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.13533538579940796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13109463453292847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07453364133834839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvprw.2011.5981817","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2011.5981817","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CVPR 2011 WORKSHOPS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W187966054","https://openalex.org/W414188911","https://openalex.org/W1553050941","https://openalex.org/W1563991709","https://openalex.org/W1585406901","https://openalex.org/W2033773055","https://openalex.org/W2056571647","https://openalex.org/W2090495691","https://openalex.org/W2103943262","https://openalex.org/W2106390385","https://openalex.org/W2106480581","https://openalex.org/W2129106196","https://openalex.org/W2133682400","https://openalex.org/W2141660036","https://openalex.org/W2145310492","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2156503193","https://openalex.org/W2159017231","https://openalex.org/W2159668072","https://openalex.org/W2404828688","https://openalex.org/W2995034616","https://openalex.org/W3120421331","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6633615107","https://openalex.org/W6713519647"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2360035901","https://openalex.org/W2096566459","https://openalex.org/W2136054869","https://openalex.org/W2060029454","https://openalex.org/W2136485282","https://openalex.org/W2347601237","https://openalex.org/W2124109643","https://openalex.org/W1591194399","https://openalex.org/W47742458","https://openalex.org/W2111916431"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,88],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,17,42,70,90],"present":[4],"a":[5,44],"common":[6],"framework":[7,89],"for":[8,20,64],"realtime":[9],"action":[10,25,107],"unit":[11,26,108],"detection":[12,27,109],"and":[13,24,36,62,93,106],"emotion":[14,22,104],"recognition":[15,23,105],"that":[16],"have":[18],"developed":[19],"the":[21,30,80,84,98,103],"sub-challenges":[28],"of":[29,83],"FG":[31],"2011":[32],"Facial":[33],"Expression":[34],"Recognition":[35],"Analysis":[37],"Challenge.":[38],"For":[39],"these":[40,68],"tasks":[41],"employed":[43],"local":[45],"appearance-based":[46],"face":[47,65],"representation":[48],"approach":[49],"using":[50],"discrete":[51],"cosine":[52],"transform,":[53],"which":[54],"has":[55],"been":[56],"shown":[57],"to":[58,79],"be":[59],"very":[60],"effective":[61],"robust":[63],"recognition.":[66],"Using":[67],"features,":[69],"trained":[71],"multiple":[72],"one-versus-all":[73],"support":[74],"vector":[75],"machine":[76],"classifiers":[77],"corresponding":[78],"individual":[81],"classes":[82],"specific":[85],"task.":[86],"With":[87],"achieve":[91],"24.2%":[92],"7.6%":[94],"absolute":[95],"improvement":[96],"over":[97],"overall":[99],"baseline":[100],"results":[101],"on":[102],"sub-challenge,":[110],"respectively.":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
