{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2144860924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2011.5981739","title":"Real-time license plate localisation on FPGA","display_name":"Real-time license plate localisation on FPGA","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2144860924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2011.5981739","mag":"2144860924"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvprw.2011.5981739","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2011.5981739","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CVPR 2011 WORKSHOPS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042584242","display_name":"Xiaojun Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1030-8311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/0267vjk41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"X. Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering & Technology, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering & Technology, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041045029","display_name":"Fay\u00e7al Bensaali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9273-4735"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/0267vjk41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Bensaali","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering & Technology, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering & Technology, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071934636","display_name":"Soodamani Ramalingam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5005-5809"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/0267vjk41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Ramalingam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering & Technology, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering & Technology, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042584242"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5297,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93354169,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"14","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9772999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9704999923706055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7804681062698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.7737228870391846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sobel-operator","display_name":"Sobel operator","score":0.7340365052223206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/license","display_name":"License","score":0.6979996562004089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6566550135612488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6156494617462158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.5961186289787292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtex","display_name":"Virtex","score":0.5646839141845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4865483343601227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4264722764492035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-detection","display_name":"Edge detection","score":0.3913936913013458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3624311089515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3541235029697418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0928468108177185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.07719525694847107}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7804681062698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.7737228870391846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30703548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757673","display_name":"Sobel operator","level":5,"score":0.7340365052223206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79719","display_name":"License","level":2,"score":0.6979996562004089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6566550135612488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6156494617462158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.5961186289787292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777674469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20741011","display_name":"Virtex","level":3,"score":0.5646839141845703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4865483343601227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4264722764492035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193536780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513153","display_name":"Edge detection","level":4,"score":0.3913936913013458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3624311089515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3541235029697418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0928468108177185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.07719525694847107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvprw.2011.5981739","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2011.5981739","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CVPR 2011 WORKSHOPS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uhra.herts.ac.uk:2299/9356","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=80054946212&partnerID=8YFLogxK","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400241","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","host_organization_name":"University of Hertfordshire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1540167427","https://openalex.org/W2100908664","https://openalex.org/W2107179811","https://openalex.org/W2115639406","https://openalex.org/W2132244976","https://openalex.org/W2139993441","https://openalex.org/W2171786422","https://openalex.org/W2392813094","https://openalex.org/W3142629816"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2354764125","https://openalex.org/W2351369575","https://openalex.org/W2544043553","https://openalex.org/W4388400392","https://openalex.org/W2383455043","https://openalex.org/W2546284597","https://openalex.org/W2348562861","https://openalex.org/W2343079405","https://openalex.org/W2269083758","https://openalex.org/W1974517722"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"Number":[1],"Plate":[2],"Recognition":[3],"(ANPR)":[4],"systems":[5],"have":[6],"become":[7],"an":[8,25,32,63],"important":[9],"tool":[10],"to":[11],"track":[12],"stolen":[13],"car,":[14],"access":[15],"control":[16],"and":[17,35,57,78,97,132],"monitor":[18],"the":[19,38,114],"traffic.":[20],"The":[21,41,86],"fundamental":[22],"requirements":[23],"of":[24,37,102,113,123,130,134],"ANPR":[26,33],"system":[27],"are":[28],"image":[29,42,137],"capture":[30],"using":[31,99],"camera,":[34],"processing":[36,43,135],"captured":[39],"image.":[40],"part,":[44],"which":[45],"is":[46],"a":[47,93,100,120,127],"computationally":[48],"intensive":[49],"task,":[50],"includes":[51],"two":[52,79],"stages":[53],"i.e.":[54],"plate":[55,66],"localisation":[56,67],"character":[58],"recognition.":[59],"This":[60],"paper":[61],"presents":[62],"improved":[64],"license":[65],"(LPL)":[68],"algorithm":[69,87],"based":[70],"on":[71,92],"modified":[72],"Sobel":[73],"vertical":[74],"edge":[75],"detection":[76,128],"operator":[77],"morphological":[80],"operations":[81],"suitable":[82],"for":[83],"FPGA":[84,96],"implementation.":[85],"has":[88,126],"been":[89],"successfully":[90],"implemented":[91],"Xilinx":[94],"Virtex-4":[95],"tested":[98],"database":[101],"1000":[103],"images":[104],"that":[105],"contains":[106],"UK":[107],"number":[108],"plates.":[109],"It":[110],"consumes":[111],"28%":[112],"available":[115],"on-chip":[116],"resources,":[117],"runs":[118],"with":[119],"maximum":[121],"frequency":[122],"114.20":[124],"MHz,":[125],"rate":[129],"99.1%":[131],"capable":[133],"one":[136],"(640\u00d7480)":[138],"in":[139],"3.8ms.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}