{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2114249206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2011.5981691","title":"Using eye gaze, head pose, and facial expression for personalized non-player character interaction","display_name":"Using eye gaze, head pose, and facial expression for personalized non-player character interaction","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2114249206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2011.5981691","mag":"2114249206"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvprw.2011.5981691","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2011.5981691","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CVPR 2011 WORKSHOPS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058472222","display_name":"Michael Reale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2147-4443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123946342","display_name":"Binghamton University","ror":"https://ror.org/008rmbt77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Reale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA","Binghamton University , Binghamton, NY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Binghamton University , Binghamton, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056163974","display_name":"Peng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3403-2604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123946342","display_name":"Binghamton University","ror":"https://ror.org/008rmbt77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA","Binghamton University , Binghamton, NY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Binghamton University , Binghamton, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100411653","display_name":"Lijun Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0343-7190"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123946342","display_name":"Binghamton University","ror":"https://ror.org/008rmbt77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lijun Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA","Binghamton University , Binghamton, NY"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Binghamton University , Binghamton, NY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058472222"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123946342"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4123,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89662951,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"13","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7759589552879333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.7743386626243591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.6991669535636902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5937390327453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5750423073768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5476939678192139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5383471250534058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.5332410335540771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.49520960450172424}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7759589552879333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.7743386626243591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.6991669535636902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5937390327453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5750423073768616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5476939678192139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5383471250534058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5332410335540771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.49520960450172424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvprw.2011.5981691","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2011.5981691","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CVPR 2011 WORKSHOPS","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495761735","https://openalex.org/W1499788842","https://openalex.org/W1504795754","https://openalex.org/W1542990436","https://openalex.org/W1544271456","https://openalex.org/W1573289609","https://openalex.org/W1984739623","https://openalex.org/W1984813860","https://openalex.org/W2032646771","https://openalex.org/W2042088881","https://openalex.org/W2080231758","https://openalex.org/W2085261163","https://openalex.org/W2107884679","https://openalex.org/W2107893065","https://openalex.org/W2107956149","https://openalex.org/W2114954755","https://openalex.org/W2128859583","https://openalex.org/W2130204149","https://openalex.org/W2139916508","https://openalex.org/W2152826865","https://openalex.org/W2153715110","https://openalex.org/W2153780944","https://openalex.org/W2154590371","https://openalex.org/W2157560373","https://openalex.org/W2159465777","https://openalex.org/W2161402491","https://openalex.org/W2161629982","https://openalex.org/W2162683081","https://openalex.org/W2167020116","https://openalex.org/W2169965057","https://openalex.org/W4238833372","https://openalex.org/W6629786398","https://openalex.org/W6632540285","https://openalex.org/W6676453642","https://openalex.org/W6682724821","https://openalex.org/W6683193070"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1880689012","https://openalex.org/W3014378845","https://openalex.org/W4240909707","https://openalex.org/W2059546927","https://openalex.org/W2082717302","https://openalex.org/W2291113340","https://openalex.org/W2161294397","https://openalex.org/W2012644758","https://openalex.org/W2047559669","https://openalex.org/W2642127892"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"True":[0],"immersion":[1],"of":[2,49,101,114,122,140],"a":[3,6,105],"user":[4,110],"within":[5],"game":[7,28],"is":[8],"only":[9],"possible":[10],"when":[11],"the":[12,27,34,41,50,73,85,90,99,109,123,127,136,141,143],"world":[13],"simulated":[14],"looks":[15,111],"and":[16,37,63,76,119,138,146,152],"behaves":[17],"as":[18,22],"close":[19],"to":[20,52],"reality":[21],"possible.":[23],"This":[24],"implies":[25],"that":[26],"must":[29],"ascertain,":[30],"among":[31],"other":[32],"things,":[33],"user's":[35],"focus":[36],"his/her":[38],"attitude":[39],"towards":[40],"object":[42],"or":[43],"person":[44],"focused":[45],"on.":[46],"As":[47],"part":[48],"effort":[51],"achieve":[53],"this":[54,102],"goal,":[55],"we":[56],"propose":[57],"an":[58],"eye":[59,74,144],"gaze,":[60],"head":[61,77],"pose,":[62],"facial":[64],"expression":[65,86,147],"system":[66,103],"for":[67],"use":[68],"in":[69,104],"real-time":[70],"games.":[71],"Both":[72],"gaze":[75,145],"pose":[78],"components":[79],"utilize":[80],"underlying":[81],"3D":[82],"models,":[83],"while":[84],"recognition":[87,148],"module":[88],"uses":[89],"effective":[91],"but":[92],"efficient":[93],"LBP-TOP":[94],"approach.":[95],"We":[96],"then":[97],"demonstrate":[98],"utility":[100],"test":[106],"application":[107],"wherein":[108],"at":[112],"one":[113,121],"three":[115],"non-player":[116],"characters":[117],"(NPC)":[118],"performs":[120],"7":[124],"prototypic":[125],"expressions;":[126],"NPC":[128],"responds":[129],"based":[130],"on":[131],"its":[132],"personality.":[133],"To":[134],"increase":[135],"speed":[137],"efficiency":[139],"system,":[142],"modules":[149],"leverage":[150],"CUDA":[151],"GLSL":[153],"pixel":[154],"shaders.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T13:04:00.132906","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}