{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2156605603","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2010.5544612","title":"Spectral Regression based age determination","display_name":"Spectral Regression based age determination","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2156605603","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2010.5544612","mag":"2156605603"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvprw.2010.5544612","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2010.5544612","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Workshops","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056226189","display_name":"Khoa Luu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2104-0901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khoa Luu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101511820","display_name":"Tien D. Bui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6005-4375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tien Dai Bui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059479627","display_name":"Ching Y. Suen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1209-7631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ching Y. Suen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058706472","display_name":"Karl Ricanek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0165-2006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153901656","display_name":"University of North Carolina Wilmington","ror":"https://ror.org/02t0qr014","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153901656"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karl Ricanek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Wilmington, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Wilmington, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153901656","https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2055","issue":null,"first_page":"103","last_page":"107"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7240421772003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.698245644569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.6774110794067383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6252360939979553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression","display_name":"Regression","score":0.5737469792366028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.56219083070755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.5549578666687012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5156030058860779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.498138427734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.48230719566345215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.4764293134212494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis","display_name":"Regression analysis","score":0.45822063088417053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4429800510406494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.44268661737442017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-regression","display_name":"Linear regression","score":0.440187931060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.42235037684440613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-set","display_name":"Test set","score":0.4106173515319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.40159592032432556}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7240421772003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.698245644569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.6774110794067383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6252360939979553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.5737469792366028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.56219083070755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.5549578666687012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5156030058860779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.498138427734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.48230719566345215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.4764293134212494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.45822063088417053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4429800510406494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.44268661737442017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.440187931060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.42235037684440613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169903167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Test set","level":2,"score":0.4106173515319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.40159592032432556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvprw.2010.5544612","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2010.5544612","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Workshops","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.352.6561","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.352.6561","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1578099820","https://openalex.org/W1983079504","https://openalex.org/W2010835048","https://openalex.org/W2058615342","https://openalex.org/W2061759159","https://openalex.org/W2102331633","https://openalex.org/W2106488920","https://openalex.org/W2137997339","https://openalex.org/W2138173495","https://openalex.org/W2156142937","https://openalex.org/W2172803778"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995622179","https://openalex.org/W1484111231","https://openalex.org/W1552543208","https://openalex.org/W2074396517","https://openalex.org/W2166963679","https://openalex.org/W2187269125","https://openalex.org/W1641615907","https://openalex.org/W3089231081","https://openalex.org/W2093956241","https://openalex.org/W2354420595"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,142],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"introduce":[4],"an":[5,17],"advanced":[6],"age":[7,68,112,123],"determination":[8,69],"technique":[9,76],"that":[10,91],"combines":[11],"a":[12,45,108],"feature":[13,102],"set":[14],"derived":[15],"from":[16],"image":[18],"of":[19,31,40,51,67,77,86,158],"the":[20,29,32,38,41,52,71,84,87,145],"face":[21,33,42,88,109],"using":[22],"multi-factored":[23],"Principal":[24],"Components":[25],"Analysis":[26],"(PCA)":[27],"on":[28],"shape":[30],"and":[34,37,136,161],"its":[35],"features":[36,57],"skin":[39],"to":[43,64,81,106,127,139],"produce":[44],"30":[46],"\u00d7":[47],"1":[48],"linear":[49],"encoding":[50,89],"face.":[53],"The":[54,75,100],"linearly":[55],"encoded":[56],"are":[58,94],"combined":[59],"with":[60],"Spectral":[61],"Regression":[62],"(SR)":[63],"improve":[65],"performance":[66],"over":[70],"current":[72],"best":[73],"techniques.":[74],"SR":[78,101],"is":[79,104,119],"used":[80,105],"further":[82],"reduce":[83],"dimensionality":[85],"such":[90],"inter-class":[92],"distances":[93],"minimized":[95],"while":[96],"maximizing":[97],"intra-class":[98],"distances.":[99],"vector":[103],"classify":[107],"into":[110],"one-of-two":[111],"groups":[113],"(age":[114],"recognition).":[115],"An":[116],"age-determination":[117],"function":[118],"constructed":[120],"for":[121,131],"each":[122],"group":[124],"in":[125,149],"accordance":[126],"physiological":[128],"growth":[129],"periods":[130],"humans":[132],"-":[133],"pre-adult":[134],"(youth)":[135],"adult.":[137],"Compared":[138],"published":[140],"results,":[141],"method":[143],"yields":[144],"highest":[146],"accuracy":[147],"rates":[148],"overall":[150],"mean-absolute":[151,154],"error":[152,155],"(MAE),":[153],"per":[156],"decade":[157],"life":[159],"(MAE/D),":[160],"cumulative":[162],"match":[163],"score.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}