{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2155378010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2009.5204321","title":"Transparent watermarking using bidirectional imaging","display_name":"Transparent watermarking using bidirectional imaging","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2155378010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2009.5204321","mag":"2155378010"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvprw.2009.5204321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2009.5204321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608118","display_name":"2009 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015554622","display_name":"Kristin Dana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2356-6950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kristin J. Dana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036185478","display_name":"G. Livescu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriela Livescu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000717134","display_name":"Raghunand Makonahalli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raghunand Makonahalli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rutgers University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015554622"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1235,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50420168,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"1210","issue":null,"first_page":"31","last_page":"38"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.974399983882904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.6927826404571533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermark","display_name":"Watermark","score":0.6143400073051453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.609310507774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bidirectional-reflectance-distribution-function","display_name":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function","score":0.5773187279701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5624616742134094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/specular-reflection","display_name":"Specular reflection","score":0.5371843576431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refractive-index","display_name":"Refractive index","score":0.5298003554344177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brewsters-angle","display_name":"Brewster's angle","score":0.506824791431427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viewing-angle","display_name":"Viewing angle","score":0.4621835947036743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4469246566295624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brewster","display_name":"Brewster","score":0.441254198551178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.42396360635757446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3589054048061371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.33170825242996216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflectivity","display_name":"Reflectivity","score":0.3179505467414856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.24154132604599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15207993984222412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-crystal-display","display_name":"Liquid-crystal display","score":0.08730944991111755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.07725450396537781}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.6927826404571533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.6143400073051453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.609310507774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151596937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856980","display_name":"Bidirectional reflectance distribution function","level":3,"score":0.5773187279701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5624616742134094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118381688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079524","display_name":"Specular reflection","level":2,"score":0.5371843576431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42067758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174102","display_name":"Refractive index","level":2,"score":0.5298003554344177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35068176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q662790","display_name":"Brewster's angle","level":3,"score":0.506824791431427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776694159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q351676","display_name":"Viewing angle","level":3,"score":0.4621835947036743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4469246566295624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780048723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4962736","display_name":"Brewster","level":2,"score":0.441254198551178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.42396360635757446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3589054048061371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.33170825242996216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108597893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663650","display_name":"Reflectivity","level":2,"score":0.3179505467414856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.24154132604599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15207993984222412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128019096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83341","display_name":"Liquid-crystal display","level":2,"score":0.08730944991111755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.07725450396537781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvprw.2009.5204321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvprw.2009.5204321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608118","display_name":"2009 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W196449815","https://openalex.org/W1555352489","https://openalex.org/W1937773866","https://openalex.org/W1974399130","https://openalex.org/W1979593506","https://openalex.org/W2001136262","https://openalex.org/W2006038669","https://openalex.org/W2008664489","https://openalex.org/W2025457908","https://openalex.org/W2034923084","https://openalex.org/W2040882982","https://openalex.org/W2059411561","https://openalex.org/W2067922071","https://openalex.org/W2082078224","https://openalex.org/W2086723952","https://openalex.org/W2123621568","https://openalex.org/W2128333754","https://openalex.org/W2282664150","https://openalex.org/W2488560108","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4299908858","https://openalex.org/W6607932952","https://openalex.org/W6640665329"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2580230269","https://openalex.org/W2389779348","https://openalex.org/W2096580986","https://openalex.org/W2114870375","https://openalex.org/W2084056957","https://openalex.org/W2089864334","https://openalex.org/W2061814699","https://openalex.org/W4390749770","https://openalex.org/W2145605118","https://openalex.org/W2740569224"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"present":[1,187],"a":[2,8,56,64,80,129,210],"method":[3,75,109],"for":[4,140,148],"transparent":[5,57,149,211],"watermarking":[6,150],"using":[7,63],"custom":[9],"bidirectional":[10,38],"imaging":[11,74,122,189],"device.":[12],"The":[13,71,144,168],"two":[14],"innovative":[15],"concepts":[16],"of":[17,36,67,82,100,116,131,162,165,173],"our":[18],"approach":[19,145],"are":[20,134],"reflectance":[21,27,39,59,78],"coding":[22,60,172],"and":[23,43,84,170,191,197],"multiview":[24,73],"imaging.":[25],"In":[26,52,183],"coding,":[28],"information":[29,45],"is":[30,61,126,146,160],"embedded":[31],"in":[32,87,123,179,195,200,209],"the":[33,37,68,77,92,101,105,117,138,152,156,174,188,207],"angular":[34,171],"space":[35],"distribution":[40],"function":[41],"(BRDF)":[42],"this":[44,108,184],"can":[46],"vary":[47],"at":[48],"each":[49],"surface":[50,118],"point.":[51],"order":[53,88],"to":[54,89],"achieve":[55],"watermark,":[58],"implemented":[62],"spatial":[65,163],"variation":[66],"Brewster":[69,94,102],"angle.":[70,95],"novel":[72],"measures":[76],"over":[79],"range":[81,130],"viewing":[83],"illumination":[85],"angles":[86,133],"instantly":[90],"reveal":[91],"unknown":[93],"Unlike":[96],"typical":[97],"in-lab":[98],"measurements":[99],"angle":[103],"or":[104],"refractive":[106,166,201],"index,":[107],"does":[110],"not":[111],"require":[112],"accurate":[113],"prior":[114],"knowledge":[115],"normal":[119],"so":[120],"that":[121],"non-lab":[124],"conditions":[125],"feasible.":[127],"Furthermore,":[128],"incident":[132],"examined":[135],"simultaneously,":[136],"eliminating":[137],"need":[139],"scanning":[141],"incidence":[142],"angles.":[143],"well-suited":[147],"where":[151],"observer":[153],"cannot":[154],"see":[155],"watermark":[157,175,212],"because":[158],"it":[159],"comprised":[161],"variations":[164],"index.":[167,202],"transparency":[169],"has":[176],"great":[177],"utility":[178],"deterring":[180],"counterfeit":[181],"attempts.":[182],"paper,":[185],"we":[186],"device":[190,204],"demonstrate":[192],"it's":[193],"effectiveness":[194],"detecting":[196],"measuring":[198],"changes":[199],"This":[203],"acts":[205],"as":[206],"decoder":[208],"system.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}