{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3170378827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr46437.2021.00664","title":"IoU Attack: Towards Temporally Coherent Black-Box Adversarial Attack for Visual Object Tracking","display_name":"IoU Attack: Towards Temporally Coherent Black-Box Adversarial Attack for Visual Object Tracking","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3170378827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr46437.2021.00664","mag":"3170378827"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr46437.2021.00664","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr46437.2021.00664","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102706204","display_name":"Shuai Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4900-465X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["MoE Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence, AI Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MoE Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence, AI Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068034476","display_name":"Yibing Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3667-531X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yibing Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tencent AI Lab"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tencent AI Lab","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100704678","display_name":"Chao Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8459-2845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["MoE Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence, AI Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MoE Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence, AI Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019708391","display_name":"Xiaokang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4029-3322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaokang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["MoE Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence, AI Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MoE Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence, AI Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102706204"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.416,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97632565,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"6705","last_page":"6714"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11515","display_name":"Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9801999926567078,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8033033013343811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7659599184989929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bittorrent-tracker","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","score":0.7121953964233398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6203110218048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5706176161766052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5013363361358643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.49938297271728516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.46235570311546326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.45745670795440674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.45162808895111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.4431701898574829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-bounding-box","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","score":0.42984792590141296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.3518626391887665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.18979796767234802}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8033033013343811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7659599184989929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57501372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2021268","display_name":"BitTorrent tracker","level":3,"score":0.7121953964233398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6203110218048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5706176161766052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5013363361358643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.49938297271728516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.46235570311546326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.45745670795440674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.45162808895111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.4431701898574829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147037132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","level":3,"score":0.42984792590141296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.3518626391887665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.18979796767234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr46437.2021.00664","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr46437.2021.00664","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1673923490","https://openalex.org/W1857884451","https://openalex.org/W1945616565","https://openalex.org/W2158592639","https://openalex.org/W2186330282","https://openalex.org/W2243397390","https://openalex.org/W2518876086","https://openalex.org/W2543927648","https://openalex.org/W2557641257","https://openalex.org/W2570685808","https://openalex.org/W2605173812","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2740685955","https://openalex.org/W2759471388","https://openalex.org/W2794744029","https://openalex.org/W2796919380","https://openalex.org/W2799058067","https://openalex.org/W2888456413","https://openalex.org/W2891033863","https://openalex.org/W2907243782","https://openalex.org/W2913466142","https://openalex.org/W2916780012","https://openalex.org/W2927438889","https://openalex.org/W2949357526","https://openalex.org/W2950006892","https://openalex.org/W2952064669","https://openalex.org/W2953106684","https://openalex.org/W2962872506","https://openalex.org/W2963062382","https://openalex.org/W2963070423","https://openalex.org/W2963207607","https://openalex.org/W2963534981","https://openalex.org/W2964038557","https://openalex.org/W2964153729","https://openalex.org/W2964242925","https://openalex.org/W2964423614","https://openalex.org/W2965709200","https://openalex.org/W2971986717","https://openalex.org/W2972986629","https://openalex.org/W2985509612","https://openalex.org/W2987460522","https://openalex.org/W2988535323","https://openalex.org/W2998027361","https://openalex.org/W3001584168","https://openalex.org/W3012842798","https://openalex.org/W3034414373","https://openalex.org/W3034418285","https://openalex.org/W3035453691","https://openalex.org/W3035511673","https://openalex.org/W3035571898","https://openalex.org/W3035672751","https://openalex.org/W3035677743","https://openalex.org/W3035725297","https://openalex.org/W3088021439","https://openalex.org/W3107524501","https://openalex.org/W3107530881","https://openalex.org/W3110076132","https://openalex.org/W3119446329","https://openalex.org/W3176780013","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6637162671","https://openalex.org/W6640425456","https://openalex.org/W6679027886","https://openalex.org/W6726654379","https://openalex.org/W6731927902","https://openalex.org/W6746608116","https://openalex.org/W6749631981","https://openalex.org/W6750404860","https://openalex.org/W6754142767","https://openalex.org/W6754805553","https://openalex.org/W6759215614","https://openalex.org/W6771158474","https://openalex.org/W6774277700","https://openalex.org/W6775841680","https://openalex.org/W6781054346","https://openalex.org/W6788262918"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4384788979","https://openalex.org/W2511178891","https://openalex.org/W2126676984","https://openalex.org/W178060743","https://openalex.org/W2909390414","https://openalex.org/W2954509079","https://openalex.org/W3104472694","https://openalex.org/W2141888607","https://openalex.org/W57279572","https://openalex.org/W2753886513"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Adversarial":[0],"attack":[1,21,50,80,92,105,129,165,192],"arises":[2],"due":[3],"to":[4,11,25,29,52,88,150,155],"the":[5,31,38,60,112,124,127,132,147,151,162,182,186,189],"vulnerability":[6],"of":[7,33,41,48,134,188],"deep":[8,34,42,64,168],"neural":[9],"networks":[10],"perceive":[12],"input":[13],"samples":[14],"injected":[15],"with":[16,96],"imperceptible":[17],"perturbations.":[18],"Recently,":[19],"adversarial":[20,91],"has":[22],"been":[23],"applied":[24],"visual":[26,53,83],"object":[27,84,140],"tracking":[28,54],"evaluate":[30],"robustness":[32],"trackers.":[35],"Assuming":[36],"that":[37,94,106],"model":[39,61],"structures":[40],"trackers":[43,65,169],"are":[44],"known,":[45],"a":[46,77],"variety":[47],"white-box":[49],"approaches":[51],"have":[55],"demonstrated":[56],"promising":[57],"results.":[58],"However,":[59],"knowledge":[62],"about":[63],"is":[66,197],"usually":[67],"unavailable":[68],"in":[69],"real":[70],"applications.":[71],"In":[72,86,143],"this":[73],"paper,":[74],"we":[75,102,145],"propose":[76,103],"decision-based":[78],"black-box":[79,90],"method":[81,130],"for":[82,99],"tracking.":[85],"contrast":[87],"existing":[89],"methods":[93],"deal":[95],"static":[97],"images":[98],"image":[100],"classification,":[101],"IoU":[104,114,125,164,191],"sequentially":[107],"generates":[108],"perturbations":[109,149],"based":[110],"on":[111,166,181],"predicted":[113],"scores":[115],"from":[116],"both":[117],"current":[118],"and":[119,176],"historical":[120],"frames.":[121],"By":[122],"decreasing":[123],"scores,":[126],"proposed":[128,163,190],"degrades":[131],"accuracy":[133],"temporal":[135,157],"coherent":[136],"bounding":[137],"boxes":[138],"(i.e.,":[139,170],"motions)":[141],"accordingly.":[142],"addition,":[144],"transfer":[146],"learned":[148],"next":[152],"few":[153],"frames":[154],"initialize":[156],"motion":[158],"attack.":[159],"We":[160],"validate":[161],"state-of-the-art":[167],"detection":[171],"based,":[172,175],"correlation":[173],"filter":[174],"long-term":[177],"trackers).":[178],"Extensive":[179],"experiments":[180],"benchmark":[183],"datasets":[184],"indicate":[185],"effectiveness":[187],"method.":[193],"The":[194],"source":[195],"code":[196],"available":[198],"at":[199],"https://github.com/VISION-SJTU/IoUattack.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-07T13:39:58.223016","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
