{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1949778830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2015.7298803","title":"Pushing the frontiers of unconstrained face detection and recognition: IARPA Janus Benchmark A","display_name":"Pushing the frontiers of unconstrained face detection and recognition: IARPA Janus Benchmark A","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1949778830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2015.7298803","mag":"1949778830"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr.2015.7298803","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2015.7298803","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053736218","display_name":"Brendan Klare","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1332518125","display_name":"Noblis","ror":"https://ror.org/04q8hbr41","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332518125"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brendan F. Klare","raw_affiliation_strings":["Noblis, VA, U.S.A","Noblis, Falls Church, VA, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Noblis, VA, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332518125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Noblis, Falls Church, VA, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332518125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009770859","display_name":"Ben Klein","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1332518125","display_name":"Noblis","ror":"https://ror.org/04q8hbr41","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332518125"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Klein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Noblis, VA, U.S.A","Noblis, Falls Church, VA, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Noblis, VA, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332518125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Noblis, Falls Church, VA, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332518125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003459848","display_name":"Emma Taborsky","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1332518125","display_name":"Noblis","ror":"https://ror.org/04q8hbr41","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332518125"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emma Taborsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Noblis, VA, U.S.A","Noblis, Falls Church, VA, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Noblis, VA, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332518125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Noblis, Falls Church, VA, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332518125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014644415","display_name":"Austin Blanton","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1332518125","display_name":"Noblis","ror":"https://ror.org/04q8hbr41","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332518125"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Austin Blanton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Noblis, VA, U.S.A","Noblis, Falls Church, VA, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Noblis, VA, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332518125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Noblis, Falls Church, VA, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332518125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065064433","display_name":"Jordan Cheney","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1332518125","display_name":"Noblis","ror":"https://ror.org/04q8hbr41","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332518125"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jordan Cheney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Noblis, VA, U.S.A","Noblis, Falls Church, VA, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Noblis, VA, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332518125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Noblis, Falls Church, VA, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332518125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081024994","display_name":"Kristen Allen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8520-7371"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1332518125","display_name":"Noblis","ror":"https://ror.org/04q8hbr41","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332518125"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristen Allen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Noblis, VA, U.S.A","Noblis, Falls Church, VA, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Noblis, VA, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332518125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Noblis, Falls Church, VA, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332518125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112312833","display_name":"Patrick Grother","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1996-4363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Grother","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, U.S.A","Nat. Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg MD, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nat. Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg MD, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008881105","display_name":"Alan Mah","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan Mah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consultant, Washinston, DC, U.S.A","Washington, DC, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consultant, Washinston, DC, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Washington, DC, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023590573","display_name":"Mark J. Burge","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280581677","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280581677","https://openalex.org/I1296703163","https://openalex.org/I1330347796"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Burge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (JARPA), McLean, VA, U.S.A","Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), McLean, VA, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (JARPA), McLean, VA, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280581677"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA), McLean, VA, U.S.A","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100613677","display_name":"Anil K. Jain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6369-6995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anil K. Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Michigan State University, MI, U.S.A","Michigan State University, East Lansing, U.S.A"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University, MI, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Michigan State University, East Lansing, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053736218"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332518125"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":52.1855,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":759,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99878477,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1931","last_page":"1939"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8236581683158875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.8113733530044556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.6911143064498901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6803196668624878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.663202166557312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.6055577993392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5525416135787964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5094588398933411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-dimensional-face-recognition","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","score":0.42310068011283875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.37042197585105896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3428664803504944}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8236581683158875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.8113733530044556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.6911143064498901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6803196668624878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.663202166557312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.6055577993392944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5525416135787964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5094588398933411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88799230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398329","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","level":5,"score":0.42310068011283875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.37042197585105896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3428664803504944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr.2015.7298803","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2015.7298803","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W182571476","https://openalex.org/W1782590233","https://openalex.org/W1964414683","https://openalex.org/W2007288786","https://openalex.org/W2019464758","https://openalex.org/W2054831469","https://openalex.org/W2066117401","https://openalex.org/W2071266191","https://openalex.org/W2124283386","https://openalex.org/W2145287260","https://openalex.org/W2145601051","https://openalex.org/W2158995360","https://openalex.org/W2172013424","https://openalex.org/W2536626143","https://openalex.org/W2620498498","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W6607458078","https://openalex.org/W6678677600","https://openalex.org/W6683488720"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770764537","https://openalex.org/W2166031825","https://openalex.org/W2918845005","https://openalex.org/W2040482211","https://openalex.org/W4387163326","https://openalex.org/W325114128","https://openalex.org/W4285815683","https://openalex.org/W2336272890","https://openalex.org/W4312238398","https://openalex.org/W4308999963"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rapid":[0],"progress":[1],"in":[2,8,11,26,50,70],"unconstrained":[3,179],"face":[4,36,40,51,80,97,100,161,164],"recognition":[5,12,98,165],"has":[6,148],"resulted":[7],"a":[9,23,34,66,104],"saturation":[10],"accuracy":[13],"for":[14,20,96,159],"current":[15],"benchmark":[16,28],"datasets.":[17],"While":[18],"important":[19],"early":[21],"progress,":[22],"chief":[24],"limitation":[25],"most":[27],"datasets":[29],"is":[30,47],"the":[31,60,71,85,173],"use":[32,95],"of":[33,44,84,106,114,135],"commodity":[35],"detector":[37],"to":[38],"select":[39],"imagery.":[41],"The":[42,146],"implication":[43],"this":[45,177],"strategy":[46],"restricted":[48],"variations":[49],"pose":[52,91],"and":[53,99,108,124,138,143,163,168],"other":[54],"confounding":[55],"factors.":[56],"This":[57],"paper":[58],"introduces":[59],"IARPA":[61],"Janus":[62],"Benchmark":[63],"A":[64],"(IJB-A),":[65],"publicly":[67],"available":[68],"media":[69],"wild":[72],"dataset":[73,87,147],"containing":[74],"500":[75],"subjects":[76],"with":[77],"manually":[78],"localized":[79],"images.":[81],"Key":[82],"features":[83],"IJB-A":[86],"are:":[88],"(i)":[89],"full":[90],"variation,":[92],"(ii)":[93],"joint":[94],"detection":[101,162],"benchmarking,":[102],"(iii)":[103],"mix":[105],"images":[107],"videos,":[109],"(iv)":[110],"wider":[111],"geographic":[112],"variation":[113],"subjects,":[115,137],"(v)":[116],"protocols":[117],"supporting":[118],"both":[119,160],"open-set":[120],"identification":[121],"(1:N":[122],"search)":[123],"verification":[125],"(1:1":[126],"comparison),":[127],"(vi)":[128],"an":[129],"optional":[130],"protocol":[131],"that":[132],"allows":[133],"modeling":[134],"gallery":[136],"(vii)":[139],"ground":[140],"truth":[141],"eye":[142],"nose":[144],"locations.":[145],"been":[149],"developed":[150],"using":[151],"1,501,267":[152],"million":[153],"crowd":[154],"sourced":[155],"annotations.":[156],"Baseline":[157],"accuracies":[158],"from":[166],"commercial":[167],"open":[169],"source":[170],"algorithms":[171],"demonstrate":[172],"challenge":[174],"offered":[175],"by":[176],"new":[178],"benchmark.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":53},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":106},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":96},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":124},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":133},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":81},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":52},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}