{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1974138240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2012.6248083","title":"Hierarchical matching with side information for image classification","display_name":"Hierarchical matching with side information for image classification","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1974138240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2012.6248083","mag":"1974138240"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr.2012.6248083","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2012.6248083","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100435670","display_name":"Qiang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-5393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","[Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100770310","display_name":"Song Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9649-7610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","[Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016123060","display_name":"Hua Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5536-503X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283155146","display_name":"Panasonic (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/011tm7n37","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283155146"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Panasonic Singapore Laboratories, Singapore","Panasonic Singapore Labs, Singapore#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Panasonic Singapore Laboratories, Singapore","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Panasonic Singapore Labs, Singapore#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283155146"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110129006","display_name":"Zhongyang Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283155146","display_name":"Panasonic (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/011tm7n37","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283155146"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongyang Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Panasonic Singapore Laboratories, Singapore","Panasonic Singapore Labs, Singapore#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Panasonic Singapore Laboratories, Singapore","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Panasonic Singapore Labs, Singapore#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283155146"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100381753","display_name":"Shuicheng Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8906-3777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuicheng Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","[Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100435670"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.6636,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98887542,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3426","last_page":"3433"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pascal","display_name":"Pascal (unit)","score":0.8024349212646484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6976048946380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6720042824745178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6647263169288635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5934164524078369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5872851610183716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prior-probability","display_name":"Prior probability","score":0.5614665150642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-clustering","display_name":"Hierarchical clustering","score":0.5287905335426331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.4691777527332306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.4592767357826233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bag-of-words-model-in-computer-vision","display_name":"Bag-of-words model in computer vision","score":0.4300702214241028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-kernel-learning","display_name":"Multiple kernel learning","score":0.4298189580440521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.36470863223075867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-method","display_name":"Kernel method","score":0.28112316131591797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-word","display_name":"Visual Word","score":0.2704262137413025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-retrieval","display_name":"Image retrieval","score":0.19167718291282654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18729299306869507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.10223570466041565}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75608658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44395","display_name":"Pascal (unit)","level":2,"score":0.8024349212646484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6976048946380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6720042824745178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6647263169288635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5934164524078369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5872851610183716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177769412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278090","display_name":"Prior probability","level":3,"score":0.5614665150642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92835128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277447","display_name":"Hierarchical clustering","level":3,"score":0.5287905335426331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4691777527332306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.4592767357826233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167611913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6884747","display_name":"Bag-of-words model in computer vision","level":5,"score":0.4300702214241028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776879701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25048660","display_name":"Multiple kernel learning","level":4,"score":0.4298189580440521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.36470863223075867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122280245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620622","display_name":"Kernel method","level":3,"score":0.28112316131591797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189391414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936579","display_name":"Visual Word","level":4,"score":0.2704262137413025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1667742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10927554","display_name":"Image retrieval","level":3,"score":0.19167718291282654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18729299306869507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.10223570466041565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr.2012.6248083","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2012.6248083","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/70465","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/70465","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309398","display_name":"California Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dxps055"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/03cpyc314"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332603","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W255846030","https://openalex.org/W1497599070","https://openalex.org/W1540330701","https://openalex.org/W1551774182","https://openalex.org/W1606858007","https://openalex.org/W1899216531","https://openalex.org/W1976921161","https://openalex.org/W2003033789","https://openalex.org/W2006793117","https://openalex.org/W2014930414","https://openalex.org/W2020733616","https://openalex.org/W2027922120","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2037511607","https://openalex.org/W2039051707","https://openalex.org/W2066941820","https://openalex.org/W2091068168","https://openalex.org/W2097018403","https://openalex.org/W2101933716","https://openalex.org/W2103490241","https://openalex.org/W2104978738","https://openalex.org/W2106848651","https://openalex.org/W2107034620","https://openalex.org/W2108745803","https://openalex.org/W2109235804","https://openalex.org/W2115733720","https://openalex.org/W2124372976","https://openalex.org/W2128272608","https://openalex.org/W2129305389","https://openalex.org/W2133589685","https://openalex.org/W2148596671","https://openalex.org/W2150856297","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2155759509","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2162915993","https://openalex.org/W2164304065","https://openalex.org/W2168356304","https://openalex.org/W2170896097","https://openalex.org/W2186094539","https://openalex.org/W2533598788","https://openalex.org/W2541843346","https://openalex.org/W2618603008","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6600609147","https://openalex.org/W6629672220","https://openalex.org/W6633090903","https://openalex.org/W6636412649","https://openalex.org/W6639725375","https://openalex.org/W6651233513","https://openalex.org/W6655710695","https://openalex.org/W6674642818","https://openalex.org/W6675696936","https://openalex.org/W6676245398","https://openalex.org/W6684138402","https://openalex.org/W6684984606","https://openalex.org/W6728942955","https://openalex.org/W6738605065"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2580650124","https://openalex.org/W4386190339","https://openalex.org/W2968424575","https://openalex.org/W3142333283","https://openalex.org/W3122088529","https://openalex.org/W3041320102","https://openalex.org/W2035159498","https://openalex.org/W1482921348","https://openalex.org/W2072229336","https://openalex.org/W1614115966"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,121,151],"work,":[2],"we":[3,148],"introduce":[4],"a":[5,25,34,40,66,124],"hierarchical":[6,58,67,132],"matching":[7,68],"framework":[8,104,122],"with":[9,95],"so-called":[10],"side":[11,46,53,129,161],"information":[12,47,54,130],"for":[13,57,100,131],"image":[14,21],"classification":[15,101],"based":[16,156],"on":[17,157],"bag-of-words":[18],"representation.":[19],"Each":[20],"is":[22,55,70,93,105],"expressed":[23],"as":[24,72,123],"bag":[26],"of":[27,31,60,76,134,160],"orderless":[28],"pairs,":[29],"each":[30],"which":[32],"includes":[33],"local":[35,63,137],"feature":[36],"vector":[37],"encoded":[38,62,81,136],"over":[39,79,181],"visual":[41,167],"dictionary,":[42],"and":[43,108,112,126,166,174,189,194],"its":[44],"corresponding":[45],"from":[48,170,203],"priors":[49,173],"or":[50],"contexts.":[51],"The":[52,178],"used":[56],"clustering":[59,133],"the":[61,73,77,80,90,135,141,182,200],"features.":[64,138],"Then":[65],"kernel":[69,92],"derived":[71],"weighted":[74],"sum":[75],"similarities":[78],"features":[82],"pooled":[83],"within":[84],"clusters":[85],"at":[86],"different":[87],"levels.":[88],"Finally":[89],"new":[91],"integrated":[94],"popular":[96],"machine":[97],"learning":[98],"algorithms":[99,114,155],"purpose.":[102],"This":[103],"quite":[106],"general":[107],"flexible,":[109],"other":[110],"practical":[111],"powerful":[113],"can":[115],"be":[116],"easily":[117],"designed":[118],"by":[119],"using":[120],"template":[125],"utilizing":[127],"particular":[128],"To":[139],"tackle":[140],"latent":[142],"spatial":[143],"mismatch":[144],"issues":[145],"in":[146,150],"SPM,":[147],"design":[149],"work":[152],"two":[153,158,205],"exemplar":[154,206],"types":[159],"information:":[162],"object":[163,171],"confidence":[164],"map":[165],"saliency":[168],"map,":[169],"detection":[172],"within-image":[175],"contexts":[176],"respectively.":[177],"extensive":[179],"experiments":[180],"Caltech-UCSD":[183],"Birds":[184],"200,":[185],"Oxford":[186],"Flowers":[187],"17":[188],"102,":[190],"PASCAL":[191,195],"VOC":[192,196],"2007,":[193],"2010":[197],"databases":[198],"show":[199],"state-of-the-art":[201],"performances":[202],"these":[204],"algorithms.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}