{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017818098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2012.6247854","title":"An efficient branch-and-bound algorithm for optimal human pose estimation","display_name":"An efficient branch-and-bound algorithm for optimal human pose estimation","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017818098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2012.6247854","mag":"2017818098"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr.2012.6247854","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2012.6247854","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102008600","display_name":"Min Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9598-8178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Min Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of EECS, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","Department of EECS, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of EECS, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of EECS, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045969113","display_name":"Murali Telaprolu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Telaprolu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of EECS, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of EECS, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108652283","display_name":"Honglak Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1279-0068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Honglak Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of EECS, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","Department of EECS, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of EECS, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of EECS, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042646536","display_name":"Silvio Savarese","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Savarese","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of EECS, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","Department of EECS, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of EECS, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of EECS, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102008600"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1064,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96911619,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1616","last_page":"1623"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.7959485054016113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphical-model","display_name":"Graphical model","score":0.7407059073448181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pose","display_name":"Pose","score":0.6982975006103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6768827438354492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/approximate-inference","display_name":"Approximate inference","score":0.5474135279655457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5111859440803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.4999394416809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/belief-propagation","display_name":"Belief propagation","score":0.45311933755874634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4419865310192108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.43158257007598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/articulated-body-pose-estimation","display_name":"Articulated body pose estimation","score":0.41270142793655396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33903709053993225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.32479149103164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-pose-estimation","display_name":"3D pose estimation","score":0.3199402689933777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20152992010116577}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.7959485054016113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155846161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143367","display_name":"Graphical model","level":2,"score":0.7407059073448181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52102323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671968","display_name":"Pose","level":2,"score":0.6982975006103516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6768827438354492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777472644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16968992","display_name":"Approximate inference","level":3,"score":0.5474135279655457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5111859440803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4999394416809082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152948882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4060686","display_name":"Belief propagation","level":3,"score":0.45311933755874634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4419865310192108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.43158257007598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22100474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4800952","display_name":"Articulated body pose estimation","level":4,"score":0.41270142793655396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33903709053993225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.32479149103164673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36613465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636322","display_name":"3D pose estimation","level":3,"score":0.3199402689933777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20152992010116577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr.2012.6247854","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2012.6247854","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.458.3183","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.458.3183","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://web.eecs.umich.edu/~honglak/cvpr12-EfficientBB-HPE.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54850713","https://openalex.org/W1540144755","https://openalex.org/W1559083155","https://openalex.org/W1595739256","https://openalex.org/W1601035521","https://openalex.org/W1965865731","https://openalex.org/W1993149133","https://openalex.org/W1994529670","https://openalex.org/W1997691213","https://openalex.org/W2009647132","https://openalex.org/W2019599312","https://openalex.org/W2022699039","https://openalex.org/W2030536784","https://openalex.org/W2049768550","https://openalex.org/W2091098068","https://openalex.org/W2091364465","https://openalex.org/W2092901467","https://openalex.org/W2093949207","https://openalex.org/W2105990640","https://openalex.org/W2111291251","https://openalex.org/W2124864523","https://openalex.org/W2130178369","https://openalex.org/W2130325067","https://openalex.org/W2131263044","https://openalex.org/W2142571543","https://openalex.org/W2143158307","https://openalex.org/W2149474573","https://openalex.org/W2159080219","https://openalex.org/W2161361693","https://openalex.org/W2183116108","https://openalex.org/W4240374930","https://openalex.org/W6602235331","https://openalex.org/W6611723228","https://openalex.org/W6632406278","https://openalex.org/W6633513350","https://openalex.org/W6635625136","https://openalex.org/W6636093472","https://openalex.org/W6655383422","https://openalex.org/W6675961540","https://openalex.org/W6676689666","https://openalex.org/W6678424428","https://openalex.org/W6682467843","https://openalex.org/W6683590607"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388627352","https://openalex.org/W4297812452","https://openalex.org/W959529772","https://openalex.org/W2962950510","https://openalex.org/W2153267847","https://openalex.org/W4286382505","https://openalex.org/W2562956507","https://openalex.org/W3180766726","https://openalex.org/W1520194733","https://openalex.org/W2501500329"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Human":[0],"pose":[1,29,72,127],"estimation":[2,30,73,128,169],"in":[3,11,14,36,48,71,217],"a":[4,8,33,49,155,161,212,219],"static":[5],"image":[6],"is":[7,31,139],"challenging":[9],"problem":[10,129],"computer":[12],"vision":[13],"that":[15,136,167],"body":[16,82,176],"part":[17,83],"configurations":[18],"are":[19,78,98],"often":[20,32,79],"subject":[21],"to":[22,81,123,160,198],"severe":[23],"deformations":[24],"and":[25,43,116,188],"occlusions.":[26],"Moreover,":[27],"efficient":[28,115],"desirable":[34],"requirement":[35],"many":[37],"applications.":[38],"The":[39],"trade-off":[40],"between":[41],"accuracy":[42,170],"efficiency":[44],"has":[45],"been":[46],"explored":[47],"large":[50],"number":[51],"of":[52,174,202,215],"approaches.":[53],"On":[54,86],"the":[55,87,125,147,168,175,203],"one":[56],"hand,":[57,89],"models":[58,77,90],"with":[59,91],"simple":[60],"representations":[61,93],"(like":[62],"tree":[63,157],"or":[64],"star":[65],"models)":[66,97],"can":[67,195],"be":[68,196],"efficiently":[69],"applied":[70],"problems.":[74],"However,":[75],"these":[76],"prone":[80],"misclassification":[84],"errors.":[85],"other":[88],"rich":[92],"(i.e.,":[94],"loopy":[95,131,162],"graphical":[96,132,163],"theoretically":[99],"more":[100],"robust,":[101],"but":[102],"their":[103],"inference":[104,118,150,204],"complexity":[105],"may":[106],"increase":[107],"dramatically.":[108],"In":[109],"this":[110],"work,":[111],"we":[112,165],"propose":[113],"an":[114],"exact":[117,149],"algorithm":[119,151],"based":[120],"on":[121,130,181,206],"branch-and-bound":[122],"solve":[124,200],"human":[126],"models.":[133],"We":[134],"show":[135,166],"our":[137,193],"method":[138,194],"empirically":[140],"much":[141],"faster":[142],"(about":[143],"74":[144],"times)":[145],"than":[146],"state-of-the-art":[148,156],"[21].":[152],"By":[153],"extending":[154],"model":[158],"[16]":[159],"model,":[164],"improves":[171],"for":[172],"most":[173,201],"parts":[177],"(especially":[178],"lower":[179],"arms)":[180],"popular":[182],"datasets":[183],"such":[184],"as":[185],"Buffy":[186],"[7]":[187],"Stickmen":[189],"[5]":[190],"datasets.":[191],"Finally,":[192],"used":[197],"exactly":[199],"problems":[205],"Stretchable":[207],"Models":[208],"[18]":[209],"(which":[210],"contains":[211],"few":[213,220],"hundreds":[214],"variables)":[216],"just":[218],"minutes.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
