{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2068558963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2012.6247749","title":"Bag of textons for image segmentation via soft clustering and convex shift","display_name":"Bag of textons for image segmentation via soft clustering and convex shift","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2068558963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2012.6247749","mag":"2068558963"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr.2012.6247749","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2012.6247749","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054586129","display_name":"Zhiding Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1776-996X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhiding Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Elec. & Comp. Eng., HK","Dept. of Elec. & Comp. Eng., HKUST, HK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Elec. & Comp. Eng., HK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Elec. & Comp. Eng., HKUST, HK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100413602","display_name":"Ang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2316-4118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116723","display_name":"Robotics Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/020w2fr77","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116723"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics Inst., Pittsburgh, PA","Robotics Inst, CMU, Pittsburgh, PA 15213"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Inst., Pittsburgh, PA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116723"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Inst, CMU, Pittsburgh, PA 15213","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010546001","display_name":"Oscar C. Au","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"O. C. Au","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Elec. & Comp. Eng., HK","Dept. of Elec. & Comp. Eng., HKUST, HK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Elec. & Comp. Eng., HK","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Elec. & Comp. Eng., HKUST, HK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101082712","display_name":"Chunjing Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunjing Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multimedia Lab, SIAT, CAS, China","Multimedia Lab, SIAT, CAS, China 518055"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia Lab, SIAT, CAS, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia Lab, SIAT, CAS, China 518055","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054586129"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079","https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2051,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95514436,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"781","last_page":"788"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7841707468032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7572470903396606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.6335869431495667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-shift","display_name":"Mean-shift","score":0.621131420135498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.55845046043396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.554602861404419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.45634377002716064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.45115649700164795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4426567256450653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42332321405410767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divergence","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","score":0.4171471893787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.41363397240638733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.24934691190719604}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7841707468032837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7572470903396606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.6335869431495667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48548287","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6803557","display_name":"Mean-shift","level":3,"score":0.621131420135498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.55845046043396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.554602861404419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.45634377002716064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.45115649700164795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4426567256450653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42332321405410767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4171471893787384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.41363397240638733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.24934691190719604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr.2012.6247749","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2012.6247749","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.570.6676","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.570.6676","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://www.cs.umd.edu/~angli/paper/convexshift-cvpr2012.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W157162179","https://openalex.org/W1488789879","https://openalex.org/W1508404128","https://openalex.org/W1924689489","https://openalex.org/W2014237445","https://openalex.org/W2021265981","https://openalex.org/W2022686119","https://openalex.org/W2054279472","https://openalex.org/W2066941820","https://openalex.org/W2067191022","https://openalex.org/W2104125540","https://openalex.org/W2107034620","https://openalex.org/W2108082645","https://openalex.org/W2110158442","https://openalex.org/W2110248298","https://openalex.org/W2115992839","https://openalex.org/W2121490093","https://openalex.org/W2141303268","https://openalex.org/W2141376824","https://openalex.org/W2149346582","https://openalex.org/W2151416941","https://openalex.org/W2155258183","https://openalex.org/W2156999391","https://openalex.org/W2159128898","https://openalex.org/W2161561128","https://openalex.org/W2162098863","https://openalex.org/W2162253476","https://openalex.org/W2164500538","https://openalex.org/W2170443772","https://openalex.org/W4254997627","https://openalex.org/W6629076848","https://openalex.org/W6630399218","https://openalex.org/W6640261747","https://openalex.org/W6656319447","https://openalex.org/W6683423765","https://openalex.org/W6684127227","https://openalex.org/W6684836694","https://openalex.org/W6836242169","https://openalex.org/W7075742223"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2023748438","https://openalex.org/W2124385053","https://openalex.org/W2169903804","https://openalex.org/W2352790313","https://openalex.org/W2355406465","https://openalex.org/W1618706760","https://openalex.org/W2545971808","https://openalex.org/W2142709933","https://openalex.org/W2376628591","https://openalex.org/W1994653991"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,66,106],"propose":[1,68],"an":[2,137],"unsupervised":[3],"image":[4,16,36,126],"segmentation":[5,127,158,175],"method":[6,73,154],"based":[7,174],"on":[8,27,125,136,160],"texton":[9,64,149],"similarity":[10],"and":[11,49,82,102,150],"mode":[12,71,133,172],"seeking.":[13],"The":[14,34,85],"input":[15,35],"is":[17,37,44,54,90],"first":[18],"convolved":[19],"with":[20,121,163],"a":[21,47,50,69,117],"filter-bank,":[22],"followed":[23],"by":[24,59],"soft":[25,51,151],"clustering":[26],"its":[28,61],"filter":[29],"response":[30],"to":[31,79,182],"generate":[32,83],"textons.":[33],"then":[38],"superpixelized":[39],"where":[40],"each":[41,57,109],"belonging":[42],"pixel":[43],"regarded":[45],"as":[46,116],"voter":[48],"voting":[52],"histogram":[53,95,139],"constructed":[55],"for":[56],"superpixel":[58,88],"averaging":[60],"voters'":[62],"posterior":[63],"probabilities.":[65],"further":[67],"modified":[70],"seeking":[72,134,173],"\u2014":[74,78],"called":[75],"convex":[76,118,130],"shift":[77,111,131],"group":[80],"superpixels":[81],"segments.":[84],"distribution":[86],"of":[87,148,184],"histograms":[89],"modeled":[91],"nonparametrically":[92],"in":[93],"the":[94,146,185],"space,":[96],"using":[97],"Kullback-Leibler":[98],"divergence":[99],"(K-L":[100],"divergence)":[101],"kernel":[103,110],"density":[104],"estimation.":[105],"show":[107],"that":[108,129],"step":[112],"can":[113],"be":[114],"formulated":[115],"optimization":[119],"problem":[120],"linear":[122],"constraints.":[123],"Experiment":[124],"shows":[128],"performs":[132],"effectively":[135],"enforced":[138],"structure,":[140],"grouping":[141],"visually":[142],"similar":[143],"superpixels.":[144],"With":[145],"incorporation":[147],"voting,":[152],"our":[153],"generates":[155],"reasonably":[156],"good":[157],"results":[159],"natural":[161],"images":[162],"relatively":[164],"complex":[165],"contents,":[166],"showing":[167],"significant":[168],"superiority":[169],"over":[170],"traditional":[171],"methods,":[176],"while":[177],"outperforming":[178],"or":[179],"being":[180],"comparable":[181],"state":[183],"art":[186],"methods.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
