{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1999192586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2011.5995496","title":"Learning hierarchical invariant spatio-temporal features for action recognition with independent subspace analysis","display_name":"Learning hierarchical invariant spatio-temporal features for action recognition with independent subspace analysis","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1999192586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2011.5995496","mag":"1999192586"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr.2011.5995496","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2011.5995496","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CVPR 2011","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088551093","display_name":"Quoc V. Le","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1087-2844"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Quoc V. Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department and Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Stanford, USA","Computer Science Department and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department and Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086850268","display_name":"Will Y. Zou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Will Y. Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department and Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Stanford, USA","Computer Science Department and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department and Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081511803","display_name":"Serena Yeung","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Serena Y. Yeung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department and Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Stanford, USA","Computer Science Department and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department and Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112456378","display_name":"Andrew Y. Ng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5547-3196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Y. Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department and Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Stanford, USA","Computer Science Department and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department and Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department and Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088551093"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":72.4601,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":983,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99958765,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"3361","last_page":"3368"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8111261129379272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6649587750434875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-invariant-feature-transform","display_name":"Scale-invariant feature transform","score":0.6020206809043884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.5645519495010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5560716390609741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action-recognition","display_name":"Action recognition","score":0.4891662895679474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.46856358647346497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","score":0.42687517404556274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4167746305465698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4001760482788086}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8111261129379272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6649587750434875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61265191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q767770","display_name":"Scale-invariant feature transform","level":3,"score":0.6020206809043884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.5645519495010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5560716390609741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987834672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677630","display_name":"Action recognition","level":3,"score":0.4891662895679474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.46856358647346497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42687517404556274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4167746305465698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4001760482788086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr.2011.5995496","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2011.5995496","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CVPR 2011","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.294.5948","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.294.5948","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ai.stanford.edu/~quocle/LeZouYeungNg11_appendix.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W104847522","https://openalex.org/W237546731","https://openalex.org/W1534763723","https://openalex.org/W1538131130","https://openalex.org/W1586730761","https://openalex.org/W1677409904","https://openalex.org/W1963995223","https://openalex.org/W1973688192","https://openalex.org/W1980911747","https://openalex.org/W1983364832","https://openalex.org/W1989975849","https://openalex.org/W1993229407","https://openalex.org/W2014930414","https://openalex.org/W2024868105","https://openalex.org/W2034328688","https://openalex.org/W2091662199","https://openalex.org/W2096691069","https://openalex.org/W2100916003","https://openalex.org/W2101194540","https://openalex.org/W2101933716","https://openalex.org/W2105728138","https://openalex.org/W2110798204","https://openalex.org/W2113606819","https://openalex.org/W2119605622","https://openalex.org/W2119799051","https://openalex.org/W2120432001","https://openalex.org/W2122922389","https://openalex.org/W2124386111","https://openalex.org/W2124486835","https://openalex.org/W2129524746","https://openalex.org/W2130325614","https://openalex.org/W2134557905","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2140856208","https://openalex.org/W2142194269","https://openalex.org/W2145889472","https://openalex.org/W2147860648","https://openalex.org/W2148553367","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2158169396","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2163292664","https://openalex.org/W2165307655","https://openalex.org/W2177274842","https://openalex.org/W2405454077","https://openalex.org/W2533739470","https://openalex.org/W2901391803","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W4249279051","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6609194641","https://openalex.org/W6632082525","https://openalex.org/W6632100814","https://openalex.org/W6635099914","https://openalex.org/W6641258197","https://openalex.org/W6648464962","https://openalex.org/W6674985822","https://openalex.org/W6675296101","https://openalex.org/W6675897241","https://openalex.org/W6676481782","https://openalex.org/W6679460224","https://openalex.org/W6787972765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3034955165","https://openalex.org/W2094920358","https://openalex.org/W2041448692","https://openalex.org/W2247121321","https://openalex.org/W2391926582","https://openalex.org/W2087391438","https://openalex.org/W1966831329","https://openalex.org/W2316074893","https://openalex.org/W2108333036","https://openalex.org/W4285215860"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Previous":[0],"work":[1],"on":[2,7,108],"action":[3,115,124],"recognition":[4,116],"has":[5],"focused":[6],"adapting":[8],"hand-designed":[9,92],"local":[10],"features,":[11,97],"such":[12,81,148],"as":[13,33,82,149],"SIFT":[14],"or":[15],"HOG,":[16],"from":[17,40,60],"static":[18],"images":[19],"to":[20,36,55,86,103],"the":[21,50,109,119,138,150,155],"video":[22,41,62],"domain.":[23],"In":[24],"this":[25,70,146],"paper,":[26],"we":[27,45,98,126],"propose":[28],"using":[29],"unsupervised":[30],"feature":[31],"learning":[32,79],"a":[34],"way":[35],"learn":[37,56,87],"features":[38,59,93,173],"directly":[39],"data.":[42,63],"More":[43],"specifically,":[44],"present":[46],"an":[47],"extension":[48],"of":[49,145,152,157],"Independent":[51],"Subspace":[52],"Analysis":[53],"algorithm":[54],"invariant":[57],"spatio-temporal":[58,172],"unlabeled":[61],"We":[64],"discovered":[65],"that,":[66],"despite":[67],"its":[68],"simplicity,":[69],"method":[71],"performs":[72],"surprisingly":[73],"well":[74],"when":[75],"combined":[76],"with":[77,94],"deep":[78],"techniques":[80],"stacking":[83],"and":[84,113,122,129,154,159,170],"convolution":[85],"hierarchical":[88],"representations.":[89],"By":[90],"replacing":[91],"our":[95,168],"learned":[96,171],"achieve":[99],"classification":[100],"results":[101,107],"superior":[102],"all":[104],"previous":[105],"published":[106,141],"Hollywood2,":[110],"UCF,":[111],"KTH":[112],"YouTube":[114,123],"datasets.":[117],"On":[118],"challenging":[120],"Hollywood2":[121],"datasets":[125],"obtain":[127],"53.3%":[128],"75.8%":[130],"respectively,":[131],"which":[132],"are":[133],"approximately":[134],"5%":[135],"better":[136],"than":[137],"current":[139],"best":[140],"results.":[142],"Further":[143],"benefits":[144],"method,":[147],"ease":[151],"training":[153,158],"efficiency":[156],"prediction,":[160],"will":[161],"also":[162],"be":[163],"discussed.":[164],"You":[165],"can":[166],"download":[167],"code":[169],"here:":[174],"http://ai.stanford.edu/~wzou/.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":63},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":79},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":127},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":125},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":155},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":121},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":96},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":51}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}