{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2031342017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2011.5995347","title":"Unbiased look at dataset bias","display_name":"Unbiased look at dataset bias","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2031342017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2011.5995347","mag":"2031342017"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr.2011.5995347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2011.5995347","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CVPR 2011","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085020955","display_name":"Antonio Torralba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4915-0256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Torralba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA","Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077436220","display_name":"Alexei A. Efros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5720-8070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexei A. Efros","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, USA","Carnegie Mellon University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":45.4183,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2443,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99918256,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1521","last_page":"1528"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pascal","display_name":"Pascal (unit)","score":0.7767852544784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7670029401779175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6067820191383362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.5086954236030579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4641607403755188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4630013108253479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4415373206138611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sight","display_name":"Sight","score":0.4257633090019226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4010578989982605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.38709351420402527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.09380939602851868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08232229948043823}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75608658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44395","display_name":"Pascal (unit)","level":2,"score":0.7767852544784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7670029401779175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6067820191383362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.5086954236030579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4641607403755188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4630013108253479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4415373206138611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1517167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134322","display_name":"Sight","level":2,"score":0.4257633090019226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4010578989982605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.38709351420402527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09380939602851868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08232229948043823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr.2011.5995347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2011.5995347","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CVPR 2011","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.208.2314","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.208.2314","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://people.csail.mit.edu/torralba/publications/datasets_cvpr11.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W191001584","https://openalex.org/W1566135517","https://openalex.org/W1576445103","https://openalex.org/W1590105591","https://openalex.org/W1614226497","https://openalex.org/W1978920452","https://openalex.org/W2017814585","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2107775979","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2110764733","https://openalex.org/W2120419212","https://openalex.org/W2131743987","https://openalex.org/W2141303268","https://openalex.org/W2145607950","https://openalex.org/W2160039895","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2166049352","https://openalex.org/W2217896605","https://openalex.org/W2288805679","https://openalex.org/W4237279480","https://openalex.org/W6634343353","https://openalex.org/W6683390231","https://openalex.org/W6696580546"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3214178347","https://openalex.org/W2353119552","https://openalex.org/W2364379655","https://openalex.org/W2808673637","https://openalex.org/W2408516727","https://openalex.org/W2990201137","https://openalex.org/W4247920850","https://openalex.org/W2383259906","https://openalex.org/W637378572","https://openalex.org/W2378211422"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Datasets":[0],"are":[1],"an":[2],"integral":[3],"part":[4],"of":[5,27,30,37,42,58,121,127,134,138,149,157,166],"contemporary":[6],"object":[7,59],"recognition":[8,60,139],"research.":[9],"They":[10],"have":[11,50,86,116],"been":[12,52],"the":[13,17,21,46,56,83,93,96,99,104,108,113,122,135,194,201],"chief":[14],"reason":[15],"for":[16,54],"considerable":[18],"progress":[19],"in":[20,200],"field,":[22],"not":[23],"just":[24],"as":[25,35,76,185,187],"source":[26],"large":[28],"amounts":[29],"training":[31],"data,":[32],"but":[33,207],"also":[34],"means":[36],"measuring":[38],"and":[39,169],"comparing":[40],"performance":[41,68],"competing":[43],"algorithms.":[44],"At":[45],"same":[47],"time,":[48],"datasets":[49],"often":[51],"blamed":[53],"narrowing":[55],"focus":[57,105],"research,":[61],"reducing":[62],"it":[63],"to":[64,131,197],"a":[65,143,147,155],"single":[66],"benchmark":[67,110],"number.":[69],"Indeed,":[70],"some":[71,175],"datasets,":[72,151],"that":[73,180],"started":[74],"out":[75],"data":[77,161],"capture":[78],"efforts":[79],"aimed":[80],"at":[81],"representing":[82],"visual":[84],"world,":[85,95,98],"become":[87],"closed":[88],"worlds":[89],"unto":[90],"themselves":[91],"(e.g.":[92],"Corel":[94],"Caltech-101":[97],"PASCAL":[100],"VOC":[101],"world).":[102],"With":[103],"on":[106,112,154],"beating":[107],"latest":[109,114],"numbers":[111],"dataset,":[115],"we":[117],"perhaps":[118],"lost":[119],"sight":[120],"original":[123],"purpose?":[124],"The":[125,172],"goal":[126],"this":[128,204],"paper":[129],"is":[130,196],"take":[132],"stock":[133],"current":[136],"state":[137],"datasets.":[140],"We":[141],"present":[142],"comparison":[144],"study":[145],"using":[146],"set":[148],"popular":[150],"evaluated":[152],"based":[153],"number":[156],"criteria":[158],"including:":[159],"relative":[160],"bias,":[162],"cross-dataset":[163],"generalization,":[164],"effects":[165],"closed-world":[167],"assumption,":[168],"sample":[170],"value.":[171],"experimental":[173],"results,":[174],"rather":[176],"surprising,":[177],"suggest":[178],"directions":[179],"can":[181],"improve":[182],"dataset":[183],"collection":[184],"well":[186],"algorithm":[188],"evaluation":[189],"protocols.":[190],"But":[191],"more":[192],"broadly,":[193],"hope":[195],"stimulate":[198],"discussion":[199],"community":[202],"regarding":[203],"very":[205],"important,":[206],"largely":[208],"neglected":[209],"issue.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":66},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":128},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":174},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":270},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":233},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":321},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":297},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":239},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":151},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":136},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":119},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":117},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":89},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":67},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":30}],"updated_date":"2026-08-04T08:18:43.703281","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
