{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2033207069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2010.5539940","title":"Factorization towards a classifier","display_name":"Factorization towards a classifier","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2033207069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2010.5539940","mag":"2033207069"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr.2010.5539940","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2010.5539940","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100435670","display_name":"Qiang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2825-5393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","[Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100381753","display_name":"Shuicheng Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8906-3777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuicheng Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","[Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002069408","display_name":"Tian-Tsong Ng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6713-2310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005327000","display_name":"Institute for Infocomm Research","ror":"https://ror.org/053rfa017","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3005327000","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian-Tsong Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Vision and Image Understanding Department, Singapore","Computer Vision & Image Understanding Department, Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision and Image Understanding Department, Singapore","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Vision & Image Understanding Department, Institute for Infocomm Research, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005327000"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100435670"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3233,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59328274,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"3562","last_page":"3569"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.626402735710144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5866861343383789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-negative-matrix-factorization","display_name":"Non-negative matrix factorization","score":0.5523444414138794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5445286631584167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix-decomposition","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","score":0.49924468994140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47481095790863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.459440141916275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factorization","display_name":"Factorization","score":0.4568215012550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overfitting","display_name":"Overfitting","score":0.41043779253959656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.24416670203208923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.2018393576145172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eigenvalues-and-eigenvectors","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","score":0.1499597430229187}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.626402735710144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5866861343383789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152671427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10843505","display_name":"Non-negative matrix factorization","level":4,"score":0.5523444414138794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5445286631584167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42355184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361088","display_name":"Matrix decomposition","level":3,"score":0.49924468994140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47481095790863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.459440141916275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187834632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188804","display_name":"Factorization","level":2,"score":0.4568215012550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22019652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331309","display_name":"Overfitting","level":3,"score":0.41043779253959656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.24416670203208923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2018393576145172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.1499597430229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr.2010.5539940","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2010.5539940","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2010 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/83728","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/83728","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.661.5684","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.661.5684","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ami-lab.org/uploads/Publications/Conference/WP4/Factorization+Towards+a+Classifier.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W107728668","https://openalex.org/W174426676","https://openalex.org/W1480376833","https://openalex.org/W1506222585","https://openalex.org/W1575641478","https://openalex.org/W1902027874","https://openalex.org/W1963858079","https://openalex.org/W1972676371","https://openalex.org/W2013029404","https://openalex.org/W2024986448","https://openalex.org/W2101876643","https://openalex.org/W2104298926","https://openalex.org/W2104447726","https://openalex.org/W2105090782","https://openalex.org/W2108995755","https://openalex.org/W2110672659","https://openalex.org/W2118718620","https://openalex.org/W2123649031","https://openalex.org/W2123921160","https://openalex.org/W2134262590","https://openalex.org/W2136171036","https://openalex.org/W2137659841","https://openalex.org/W2139212933","https://openalex.org/W2146398330","https://openalex.org/W2148694408","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2155759509","https://openalex.org/W2167999447","https://openalex.org/W2168103112","https://openalex.org/W2170393096","https://openalex.org/W2798766386","https://openalex.org/W3120421331","https://openalex.org/W3148981562","https://openalex.org/W3193477162","https://openalex.org/W4231015361","https://openalex.org/W4240297138","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4292023222","https://openalex.org/W6628633436","https://openalex.org/W6634310708","https://openalex.org/W6641939000","https://openalex.org/W6677759377","https://openalex.org/W6685357724"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2127243424","https://openalex.org/W4390394189","https://openalex.org/W2037504162","https://openalex.org/W2539013788","https://openalex.org/W2792706544","https://openalex.org/W1568451138","https://openalex.org/W2156699640","https://openalex.org/W2045265907","https://openalex.org/W2972997031","https://openalex.org/W34555840"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,32],"practice,":[1],"nonnegative":[2,49,61,71,80,104,212],"data":[3,9,50,62,105,213],"factorization":[4,106,214],"is":[5,21,64,101,134],"often":[6],"performed":[7],"for":[8,131,176],"dimensionality":[10],"reduction":[11],"prior":[12],"to":[13,40,94,136,165],"a":[14,18,37,42,47,70,75,98,140,166,217],"classification":[15],"task":[16],"using":[17],"classifier":[19,44,205],"which":[20,161],"effective":[22],"in":[23],"low":[24],"dimensional":[25],"space":[26],"such":[27],"as":[28,66],"nearest":[29],"neighbor":[30],"classifier.":[31,168,219],"this":[33],"work,":[34],"we":[35],"propose":[36],"novel":[38],"formulation":[39,54,178],"learn":[41],"multi-class":[43,167],"directly":[45,163],"through":[46],"supervised":[48],"factorization.":[51],"This":[52],"new":[53],"has":[55],"the":[56,60,67,79,84,116,128,145,152,156,200,203,207],"following":[57],"properties:":[58],"1)":[59],"matrix":[63,73,77],"approximated":[65],"product":[68],"of":[69,87,151,159,202,211],"basis":[72,118,124],"and":[74,120,126,144,179,193],"coefficient":[76,129],"where":[78],"bases":[81],"distinctively":[82],"capture":[83],"common":[85,117],"characteristics":[86],"all":[88],"classes":[89],"apart":[90],"from":[91,139],"that":[92,108],"specific":[93],"individual":[95],"classes;":[96],"2)":[97],"regularization":[99],"term":[100],"imposed":[102],"on":[103,187],"so":[107],"each":[109,132],"datum":[110,133],"can":[111],"be":[112,137],"predominantly":[113],"reconstructed":[114],"by":[115,216],"vectors":[119],"its":[121,182],"corresponding":[122],"class-specific":[123,153],"vectors;":[125],"3)":[127],"vector":[130],"assumed":[135],"transformed":[138],"mapped":[141],"kernel":[142],"space,":[143],"l":[146],"<sub":[147],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[148],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sub>":[149],"norm":[150],"coefficients":[154],"reveals":[155],"relative":[157],"confidence":[158],"classes,":[160],"then":[162],"leads":[164],"We":[169],"also":[170],"present":[171],"an":[172],"iterative":[173],"optimization":[174],"technique":[175],"our":[177],"analytically":[180],"show":[181],"convergence":[183],"property.":[184],"Extensive":[185],"experiments":[186],"face":[188],"recognition,":[189],"head":[190],"pose":[191],"estimation,":[192],"handwritten":[194],"digit":[195],"recognition":[196],"tasks":[197],"clearly":[198],"demonstrate":[199],"advantages":[201],"proposed":[204],"over":[206],"conventional":[208],"two-step":[209],"approach":[210],"followed":[215],"classic":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
