{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2111125131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2009.5206861","title":"Image categorization with spatial mismatch kernels","display_name":"Image categorization with spatial mismatch kernels","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2111125131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2009.5206861","mag":"2111125131"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr.2009.5206861","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2009.5206861","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607795","display_name":"2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085349794","display_name":"Zhiwu Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0280-7724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhiwu Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","Dept. of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020304898","display_name":"Horace H. S. Ip","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1509-9002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Horace H.S. Ip","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","Dept. of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085349794"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.347,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90516206,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"397","last_page":"404"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7660715579986572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.7260947227478027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7036701440811157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6253817677497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.6191508769989014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.562121570110321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5296297669410706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5281087160110474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.5116686820983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.5110124349594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5067673325538635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"Categorization","score":0.4994852542877197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.46152371168136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3545982837677002}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7660715579986572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.7260947227478027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7036701440811157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6253817677497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.6191508769989014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.562121570110321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5296297669410706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5281087160110474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.5116686820983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5110124349594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5067673325538635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.4994852542877197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.46152371168136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3545982837677002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr.2009.5206861","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2009.5206861","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607795","display_name":"2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480643256","https://openalex.org/W1498269992","https://openalex.org/W1589362500","https://openalex.org/W1880262756","https://openalex.org/W1969198379","https://openalex.org/W2020842694","https://openalex.org/W2104825706","https://openalex.org/W2104978738","https://openalex.org/W2107034620","https://openalex.org/W2107725114","https://openalex.org/W2107743791","https://openalex.org/W2123023145","https://openalex.org/W2125148312","https://openalex.org/W2131628820","https://openalex.org/W2134380836","https://openalex.org/W2134731454","https://openalex.org/W2136490963","https://openalex.org/W2138826255","https://openalex.org/W2149298154","https://openalex.org/W2154301842","https://openalex.org/W2154455818","https://openalex.org/W2159132424","https://openalex.org/W2162915993","https://openalex.org/W2435338979","https://openalex.org/W2914885528","https://openalex.org/W3005890292","https://openalex.org/W4233135949","https://openalex.org/W4237791300","https://openalex.org/W4248892431","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6629892778","https://openalex.org/W6682494755","https://openalex.org/W6718488237","https://openalex.org/W7067627250"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2165912799","https://openalex.org/W2735662278","https://openalex.org/W2382615723","https://openalex.org/W4389116644","https://openalex.org/W2153315159","https://openalex.org/W4311804456","https://openalex.org/W3103844505","https://openalex.org/W151699219","https://openalex.org/W2085633464","https://openalex.org/W1966122760"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,22,53],"new":[4],"class":[5],"of":[6,37,86,104],"2D":[7,35,59,79],"string":[8],"kernels,":[9,13],"called":[10],"spatial":[11,73,102,108,114,134],"mismatch":[12,74,109,135],"for":[14],"use":[15],"with":[16,91],"support":[17],"vector":[18],"machine":[19],"(SVM)":[20],"in":[21],"discriminative":[23],"approach":[24],"to":[25,93],"the":[26,45,67,101,113,120,124],"image":[27,128],"categorization":[28],"problem.":[29],"We":[30],"first":[31],"represent":[32],"images":[33,50],"as":[34],"sequences":[36,65],"those":[38,97],"visual":[39,117],"keywords":[40,118],"obtained":[41],"by":[42],"clustering":[43],"all":[44],"blocks":[46],"that":[47,132],"we":[48],"divide":[49],"into":[51,61],"on":[52,83,123],"regular":[54],"grid.":[55],"Through":[56],"decomposing":[57],"each":[58],"sequence":[60,80],"two":[62],"parallel":[63],"1D":[64,88],"(i.e.":[66],"row-wise":[68],"and":[69,126],"column-wise":[70],"ones),":[71],"our":[72,107,133],"kernels":[75,110],"can":[76,111,138],"then":[77,130],"measure":[78],"similarity":[81],"based":[82],"shared":[84],"occurrences":[85],"k-length":[87],"subsequences,":[89],"counted":[90],"up":[92],"m":[94],"mismatches.":[95],"While":[96],"bag-of-words":[98],"methods":[99,137],"ignore":[100],"structure":[103],"an":[105],"image,":[106],"capture":[112],"dependencies":[115],"across":[116],"within":[119],"image.":[121],"Experiments":[122],"natural":[125],"histological":[127],"databases":[129],"demonstrate":[131],"kernel":[136],"achieve":[139],"superior":[140],"results.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
