{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2118508489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2009.5206701","title":"Average of Synthetic Exact Filters","display_name":"Average of Synthetic Exact Filters","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2118508489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2009.5206701","mag":"2118508489"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr.2009.5206701","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2009.5206701","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607795","display_name":"2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107233610","display_name":"David S. Bolme","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David S. Bolme","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024491677","display_name":"Bruce A. Draper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8560-541X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce A. Draper","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112787818","display_name":"J. Ross Beveridge","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Ross Beveridge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Colorado State University Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5107233610"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1085,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":183,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93417115,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"2105","last_page":"2112"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7371964454650879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.643446147441864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5343937277793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.48345455527305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.394480437040329}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7371964454650879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.643446147441864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5343937277793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.48345455527305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.394480437040329}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr.2009.5206701","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2009.5206701","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607795","display_name":"2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.492.7927","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.492.7927","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.colostate.edu/~vision/publications/Bolme2009Asef.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1591430458","https://openalex.org/W1735394485","https://openalex.org/W1969107967","https://openalex.org/W1971594200","https://openalex.org/W2033419168","https://openalex.org/W2054804336","https://openalex.org/W2104606835","https://openalex.org/W2105594236","https://openalex.org/W2116247607","https://openalex.org/W2119364673","https://openalex.org/W2119635426","https://openalex.org/W2120954940","https://openalex.org/W2122471813","https://openalex.org/W2128696435","https://openalex.org/W2132065020","https://openalex.org/W2155535585","https://openalex.org/W2180187800","https://openalex.org/W2912934387","https://openalex.org/W3017143921","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W4212883601","https://openalex.org/W6677822603"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2775347418","https://openalex.org/W1969923398","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2079911747"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,27],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,44],"class":[4],"of":[5,10,52,73,80,139,144],"correlation":[6,18,102],"filters":[7,13,82,103],"called":[8],"average":[9],"synthetic":[11,37],"exact":[12],"(ASEF).":[14],"For":[15],"ASEF,":[16],"the":[17,71,89,120,133,137,140,145],"output":[19,46],"is":[20,28,83,97,125],"completely":[21],"specified":[22],"for":[23],"each":[24],"training":[25,49,54,64],"image.":[26,50],"in":[29,70],"marked":[30],"contrast":[31],"to":[32,57,63,99,127,135],"prior":[33],"methods":[34,115],"such":[35],"as":[36,92],"discriminant":[38],"functions":[39],"(SDFs)":[40],"which":[41],"only":[42],"specify":[43],"single":[45],"value":[47],"per":[48],"Advantages":[51],"ASEF":[53,81,96,124],"include:":[55],"insensitivity":[56],"over-fitting,":[58],"greater":[59],"flexibility":[60],"with":[61,111],"regard":[62],"images,":[65],"and":[66,78,108,110,119],"more":[67],"robust":[68],"behavior":[69],"presence":[72],"structured":[74],"backgrounds.":[75],"The":[76],"theory":[77],"design":[79],"presented":[84],"using":[85],"eye":[86,113,134],"localization":[87,114],"on":[88],"FERET":[90],"database":[91],"an":[93],"example":[94],"task.":[95],"compared":[98],"other":[100,112],"popular":[101],"including":[104,116],"SDF,":[105],"MACE,":[106],"OTF,":[107],"UMACE,":[109],"Gabor":[117],"Jets":[118],"OpenCV":[121],"cascade":[122],"classifier.":[123],"shown":[126],"outperform":[128],"all":[129],"these":[130],"methods,":[131],"locating":[132],"within":[136],"radius":[138],"iris":[141],"approximately":[142],"98.5%":[143],"time.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}