{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2165405078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2009.5206491","title":"New appearance models for natural image matting","display_name":"New appearance models for natural image matting","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2165405078","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2009.5206491","mag":"2165405078"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr.2009.5206491","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2009.5206491","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607795","display_name":"2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063073836","display_name":"Dheeraj Singaraju","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dheeraj Singaraju","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102921586","display_name":"Carsten Rother","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164937","display_name":"Microsoft Research (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/05k87vq12","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carsten Rother","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Limited, Cambridge, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Limited, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164937"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056242458","display_name":"Christoph Rhemann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Rhemann","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Technology, Vienna, Vienna, Austria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Technology, Vienna, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063073836"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7418,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87253142,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"659","last_page":"666"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overfitting","display_name":"Overfitting","score":0.8904694318771362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.6584194302558899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6389191150665283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5796118974685669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/null","display_name":"Null (SQL)","score":0.5263530015945435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","score":0.49987268447875977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.4898340404033661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.488249808549881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4526500701904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-data","display_name":"Synthetic data","score":0.4179295301437378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha","display_name":"Alpha (finance)","score":0.41774576902389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4104927182197571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.36989259719848633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36005669832229614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.35323622822761536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.17698988318443298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.0920356810092926}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22019652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331309","display_name":"Overfitting","level":3,"score":0.8904694318771362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6584194302558899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6389191150665283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5796118974685669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203763787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371029","display_name":"Null (SQL)","level":2,"score":0.5263530015945435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.49987268447875977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.4898340404033661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.488249808549881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4526500701904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160920958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662746","display_name":"Synthetic data","level":2,"score":0.4179295301437378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64943373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2651003","display_name":"Alpha (finance)","level":4,"score":0.41774576902389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4104927182197571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.36989259719848633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36005669832229614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.35323622822761536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.17698988318443298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0920356810092926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49453240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1592163","display_name":"Construct validity","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr.2009.5206491","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2009.5206491","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607795","display_name":"2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.188.1062","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.188.1062","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://research.microsoft.com/pubs/80300/cvpr09-matting-newModels.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.218.6062","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.218.6062","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ims.tuwien.ac.at/media/documents/publications/0783-TR.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.218.9129","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.218.9129","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ims.tuwien.ac.at/media/documents/publications/0783.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1560942455","https://openalex.org/W1597727245","https://openalex.org/W1967268147","https://openalex.org/W1973256915","https://openalex.org/W1984876199","https://openalex.org/W1985176903","https://openalex.org/W2035773017","https://openalex.org/W2073895861","https://openalex.org/W2103334940","https://openalex.org/W2103917701","https://openalex.org/W2119391667","https://openalex.org/W2123785012","https://openalex.org/W2124043665","https://openalex.org/W2124351162","https://openalex.org/W2134839354","https://openalex.org/W2149860324","https://openalex.org/W2157887643","https://openalex.org/W2169040970","https://openalex.org/W2293194425","https://openalex.org/W2293703294","https://openalex.org/W4212931420","https://openalex.org/W4249993222","https://openalex.org/W4253559483","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6633406190","https://openalex.org/W6635726302","https://openalex.org/W6675705777","https://openalex.org/W6678254792","https://openalex.org/W6684516142"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4362597605","https://openalex.org/W1574414179","https://openalex.org/W4297676672","https://openalex.org/W3009056573","https://openalex.org/W2922073769","https://openalex.org/W4281702477","https://openalex.org/W2490526372","https://openalex.org/W4376166922","https://openalex.org/W4378510483","https://openalex.org/W4322617773"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Image":[0],"matting":[1],"is":[2,29,106],"the":[3,26,44,47,68,71,99,110,119,147],"task":[4],"of":[5,25,46,70,102,109,149],"estimating":[6],"a":[7,13,35,107],"fore-":[8],"and":[9,49,86,130],"background":[10,50],"layer":[11],"from":[12],"single":[14],"image.":[15],"To":[16],"solve":[17],"this":[18,40,56],"ill":[19],"posed":[20],"problem,":[21,41],"an":[22,65],"accurate":[23],"modeling":[24],"scene's":[27],"appearance":[28],"necessary.":[30],"Existing":[31],"methods":[32],"that":[33,43,60,88,134],"provide":[34],"closed":[36,80],"form":[37,81],"solution":[38],"to":[39],"assume":[42],"colors":[45,69],"foreground":[48],"layers":[51,73],"are":[52,74,91],"locally":[53,75],"linear.":[54],"In":[55,97],"paper,":[57],"we":[58],"show":[59,87],"such":[61,84],"models":[62,90,137],"can":[63],"be":[64],"overfit":[66],"when":[67],"two":[72],"constant.":[76],"We":[77,117],"derive":[78],"new":[79],"expressions":[82],"in":[83],"cases,":[85],"our":[89,103,135],"more":[92,141],"compact":[93,136],"than":[94,143],"existing":[95,115,144],"ones.":[96],"particular,":[98],"null":[100,111],"space":[101,112],"cost":[104],"function":[105],"subset":[108],"constructed":[113],"by":[114],"approaches.":[116],"discuss":[118],"bias":[120],"towards":[121],"specific":[122],"solutions":[123],"for":[124],"each":[125],"formulation.":[126],"Experiments":[127],"on":[128],"synthetic":[129],"real":[131],"data":[132],"confirm":[133],"estimate":[138],"alpha":[139],"mattes":[140],"accurately":[142],"techniques,":[145],"without":[146],"need":[148],"additional":[150],"user":[151],"interaction.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}