{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2120980861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2008.4587641","title":"Kernel integral images: A framework for fast non-uniform filtering","display_name":"Kernel integral images: A framework for fast non-uniform filtering","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2120980861","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2008.4587641","mag":"2120980861"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr.2008.4587641","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2008.4587641","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078745193","display_name":"Mohamed E. Hussein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4707-9313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Hussein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, USA","Dept of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park MD#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park MD#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102948566","display_name":"Fatih Porikli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6059-868X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159266","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/053jnhe44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4210133125","https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatih Porikli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA","Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Cambridge MA 02139, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Cambridge MA 02139, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111454036","display_name":"Larry S. Davis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Larry Davis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, USA","[Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078745193"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1946,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":34,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9243256,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilinear-interpolation","display_name":"Bilinear interpolation","score":0.76390540599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.7081445455551147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6481577754020691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpolation","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","score":0.5843897461891174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.5370622277259827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.5229988098144531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.5041147470474243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.4849993884563446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.45930561423301697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integral-equation","display_name":"Integral equation","score":0.4392370879650116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","score":0.4183940291404724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integral-imaging","display_name":"Integral imaging","score":0.41053494811058044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4070880115032196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.342744916677475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.33610886335372925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.31663745641708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.22262221574783325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.08981066942214966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.07423663139343262}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205203396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q612143","display_name":"Bilinear interpolation","level":2,"score":0.76390540599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.7081445455551147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6481577754020691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137800194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11713455","display_name":"Interpolation (computer graphics)","level":3,"score":0.5843897461891174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.5370622277259827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.5229988098144531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5041147470474243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.4849993884563446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.45930561423301697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27016315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580101","display_name":"Integral equation","level":2,"score":0.4392370879650116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.4183940291404724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183708386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042701","display_name":"Integral imaging","level":3,"score":0.41053494811058044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4070880115032196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.342744916677475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.33610886335372925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.31663745641708374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.22262221574783325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.08981066942214966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.07423663139343262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr.2008.4587641","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2008.4587641","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.145.1844","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.145.1844","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.umd.edu/~mhussein/cvpr08_hpd_KII.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.329.6984","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.329.6984","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.merl.com/papers/docs/TR2008-033.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.408.3712","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.408.3712","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://mplab.ucsd.edu/wp-content/uploads/cvpr2008/conference/data/papers/301.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.636.4458","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.636.4458","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.merl.com/publications/docs/TR2008-033.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au:1885/33168","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1885/33168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402539","display_name":"ANU Open Research (Australian National University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","host_organization_name":"Australian National University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of CVPR 2008","raw_type":"Conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338295","display_name":"Army Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/011hc8f90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1549083695","https://openalex.org/W1553407966","https://openalex.org/W1677409904","https://openalex.org/W1994275275","https://openalex.org/W2099355420","https://openalex.org/W2105725268","https://openalex.org/W2110744759","https://openalex.org/W2119588908","https://openalex.org/W2143425433","https://openalex.org/W2149077040","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W4245760229","https://openalex.org/W4253999777","https://openalex.org/W6632640995","https://openalex.org/W6637400245","https://openalex.org/W6677849341"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003729844","https://openalex.org/W1998017472","https://openalex.org/W2030803568","https://openalex.org/W2129953982","https://openalex.org/W2316060360","https://openalex.org/W2355377404","https://openalex.org/W2067420942","https://openalex.org/W1598628193","https://openalex.org/W2116479935","https://openalex.org/W1997502826"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Integral":[0],"images":[1,18,59],"are":[2],"commonly":[3],"used":[4],"in":[5,22,48,77],"computer":[6,9],"vision":[7],"and":[8,82,94,103,117],"graphics":[10],"applications.":[11],"Evaluation":[12],"of":[13,26,64,68,79,91,121],"box":[14],"filters":[15],"via":[16],"integral":[17,35,58],"can":[19],"be":[20],"performed":[21],"constant":[23],"time,":[24],"regardless":[25],"the":[27,34,88,92,112,118],"filter":[28],"size.":[29],"Although":[30],"Heckbert":[31],"(1986)":[32],"extended":[33],"image":[36],"approach":[37,72,93,123],"for":[38,62,84],"more":[39],"complex":[40],"filters,":[41],"its":[42],"usage":[43],"has":[44],"been":[45],"very":[46],"limited,":[47],"practice.":[49],"In":[50],"this":[51],"paper,":[52],"we":[53,115],"present":[54],"an":[55],"extension":[56],"to":[57,75,125],"that":[60],"allows":[61],"application":[63],"a":[65],"wide":[66],"class":[67],"non-uniform":[69],"filters.":[70],"Our":[71,109],"is":[73],"superior":[74],"Heckbertpsilas":[76],"terms":[78],"precision":[80],"requirements":[81],"suitability":[83],"parallelization.":[85],"We":[86],"explain":[87],"theoretical":[89],"basis":[90],"instantiate":[95],"two":[96],"concrete":[97],"examples:":[98],"filtering":[99,104],"with":[100,105],"bilinear":[101],"interpolation,":[102],"approximated":[106],"Gaussian":[107],"weighting.":[108],"experiments":[110],"show":[111],"significant":[113],"speedups":[114],"achieve,":[116],"higher":[119],"accuracy":[120],"our":[122],"compared":[124],"Heckbertpsilas.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}