{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2134665698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2008.4587622","title":"Unsupervised discovery of visual object class hierarchies","display_name":"Unsupervised discovery of visual object class hierarchies","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2134665698","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2008.4587622","mag":"2134665698"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr.2008.4587622","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2008.4587622","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025398783","display_name":"Josef \u0160ivic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2554-5301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Josef Sivic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, INRIA, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, INRIA, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053907649","display_name":"Bryan Russell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8656-543X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bryan C. Russell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, INRIA, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, INRIA, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057678172","display_name":"Andrew Zisserman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8945-8573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}],"countries":["FR","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Zisserman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, INRIA, France","University of Oxford, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, INRIA, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105589349","display_name":"William T. Freeman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William T. Freeman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077436220","display_name":"Alexei A. Efros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5720-8070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1326498283","display_name":"Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique","ror":"https://ror.org/02kvxyf05","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}],"countries":["FR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexei A. Efros","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University, USA","Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, INRIA, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ecole Normale Sup\u00e9rieure, INRIA, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025398783"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1326498283"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.1776,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":213,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99647489,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.746117115020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.7050686478614807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6875386238098145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.6287357807159424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latent-dirichlet-allocation","display_name":"Latent Dirichlet allocation","score":0.5998004078865051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5351672172546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5020761489868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.4863055646419525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.4768275320529938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-dirichlet-process","display_name":"Hierarchical Dirichlet process","score":0.44004952907562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-structure","display_name":"Tree structure","score":0.41130900382995605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topic-model","display_name":"Topic model","score":0.3520531952381134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-structure","display_name":"Data structure","score":0.14518538117408752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11859381198883057}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.746117115020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.7050686478614807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6875386238098145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.6287357807159424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500882744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269236","display_name":"Latent Dirichlet allocation","level":3,"score":0.5998004078865051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5351672172546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5020761489868164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4863055646419525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4768275320529938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141318989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5753066","display_name":"Hierarchical Dirichlet process","level":4,"score":0.44004952907562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163797641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2067937","display_name":"Tree structure","level":3,"score":0.41130900382995605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171686336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3532085","display_name":"Topic model","level":2,"score":0.3520531952381134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162319229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263","display_name":"Data structure","level":2,"score":0.14518538117408752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11859381198883057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr.2008.4587622","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2008.4587622","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484228140","https://openalex.org/W1589362500","https://openalex.org/W1880262756","https://openalex.org/W2001082470","https://openalex.org/W2033012377","https://openalex.org/W2097033479","https://openalex.org/W2102680763","https://openalex.org/W2103658758","https://openalex.org/W2107452121","https://openalex.org/W2108538286","https://openalex.org/W2109607073","https://openalex.org/W2110764733","https://openalex.org/W2112301665","https://openalex.org/W2119474464","https://openalex.org/W2121947440","https://openalex.org/W2124386111","https://openalex.org/W2125802042","https://openalex.org/W2126747264","https://openalex.org/W2128460414","https://openalex.org/W2129976136","https://openalex.org/W2132827946","https://openalex.org/W2137471889","https://openalex.org/W2138826255","https://openalex.org/W2140000690","https://openalex.org/W2141303268","https://openalex.org/W2141974812","https://openalex.org/W2145743319","https://openalex.org/W2148780922","https://openalex.org/W2151259137","https://openalex.org/W2154301842","https://openalex.org/W2158535772","https://openalex.org/W2162915993","https://openalex.org/W2171188998","https://openalex.org/W2172191903","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6604990878","https://openalex.org/W6635107798","https://openalex.org/W6675171285","https://openalex.org/W6677945368","https://openalex.org/W6678637433","https://openalex.org/W6680988417","https://openalex.org/W6685499309"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2914864478","https://openalex.org/W2008338582","https://openalex.org/W2097627380","https://openalex.org/W1999586157","https://openalex.org/W4291700620","https://openalex.org/W22044811","https://openalex.org/W2625329765","https://openalex.org/W2766840109","https://openalex.org/W2955328590","https://openalex.org/W2255612897"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objects":[0],"in":[1,124,138],"the":[2,30,46,66,105,108,141,183,188],"world":[3,48],"can":[4,160],"be":[5,161],"arranged":[6],"into":[7,69],"a":[8,26,42,50,70,88],"hierarchy":[9,27,90],"based":[10,28,94],"on":[11,29,64,95,187],"their":[12],"semantic":[13],"meaning":[14],"(e.g.":[15],"organism":[16],"-":[17,19,21],"animal":[18],"feline":[20],"cat).":[22],"What":[23],"about":[24],"defining":[25],"visual":[31,47,67,85,97,106],"appearance":[32],"of":[33,52,72,75,121,145],"objects?":[34],"This":[35,99],"paper":[36],"investigates":[37],"ways":[38],"to":[39,83,104,136],"automatically":[40,162],"discover":[41],"hierarchical":[43,110],"structure":[44],"for":[45,57,118],"from":[49,164],"collection":[51],"unlabeled":[53,165],"images.":[54],"Previous":[55],"approaches":[56],"unsupervised":[58,119],"object":[59,154,158,175],"and":[60,166,177],"scene":[61],"discovery":[62,120],"focused":[63],"partitioning":[65],"data":[68],"set":[71],"non-overlapping":[73],"classes":[74],"equal":[76],"granularity.":[77],"In":[78],"this":[79],"work,":[80],"we":[81,150],"propose":[82],"group":[84],"objects":[86],"using":[87,129,180],"multi-layer":[89],"tree":[91],"that":[92,152],"is":[93,100],"common":[96],"elements.":[98],"achieved":[101],"by":[102],"adapting":[103],"domain":[107],"generative":[109],"latent":[111],"Dirichlet":[112],"allocation":[113],"(hLDA)":[114],"model":[115],"previously":[116],"used":[117],"topic":[122],"hierarchies":[123],"text.":[125,139],"Images":[126],"are":[127],"modeled":[128],"quantized":[130],"local":[131],"image":[132,168],"regions":[133],"as":[134],"analogues":[135],"words":[137],"Employing":[140],"multiple":[142],"segmentation":[143],"framework":[144],"Russell":[146],"et":[147],"al.":[148],"[22],":[149],"show":[151],"meaningful":[153],"hierarchies,":[155],"together":[156],"with":[157],"segmentations,":[159],"learned":[163],"unsegmented":[167],"collections":[169],"without":[170],"supervision.":[171],"We":[172],"demonstrate":[173],"improved":[174],"classification":[176],"localization":[178],"performance":[179],"hLDA":[181],"over":[182],"previous":[184],"non-hierarchical":[185],"method":[186],"MSRC":[189],"dataset":[190],"[33].":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":33}],"updated_date":"2026-02-25T08:12:03.925757","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
