{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2102331633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2008.4587405","title":"Regression from patch-kernel","display_name":"Regression from patch-kernel","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2102331633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2008.4587405","mag":"2102331633"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr.2008.4587405","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2008.4587405","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100381753","display_name":"Shuicheng Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8906-3777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuicheng Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Nat. Univ. of Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Nat. Univ. of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100602872","display_name":"Xi Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2917-0436"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100347820","display_name":"Ming Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9981-0454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004778663","display_name":"Mark Hasegawa\u2010Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5631-2893"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Hasegawa-Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101457342","display_name":"Thomas S. Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8474-5859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas S. Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.8801,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":153,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99530456,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6888518333435059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.669143557548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6518411040306091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6035231947898865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pose","display_name":"Pose","score":0.5094392895698547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divergence","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","score":0.47858357429504395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression","display_name":"Regression","score":0.4720994830131531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-regression","display_name":"Kernel regression","score":0.4113251566886902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3367980420589447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.27551883459091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.16200315952301025}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6888518333435059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.669143557548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6518411040306091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6035231947898865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52102323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671968","display_name":"Pose","level":2,"score":0.5094392895698547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.47858357429504395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.4720994830131531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200695384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1739319","display_name":"Kernel regression","level":3,"score":0.4113251566886902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3367980420589447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27551883459091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.16200315952301025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr.2008.4587405","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2008.4587405","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/71598","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/71598","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus","raw_type":"Conference Paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.409.1236","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.409.1236","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://mplab.ucsd.edu/wp-content/uploads/cvpr2008/conference/data/papers/065.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.568.102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.568.102","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.lv-nus.org/papers/2008/2008_C_10.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1969560868","https://openalex.org/W2006262236","https://openalex.org/W2032454342","https://openalex.org/W2041823554","https://openalex.org/W2050173620","https://openalex.org/W2101515089","https://openalex.org/W2104687512","https://openalex.org/W2106488920","https://openalex.org/W2112496463","https://openalex.org/W2121939926","https://openalex.org/W2140078189","https://openalex.org/W2144760012","https://openalex.org/W2145808141","https://openalex.org/W2148727699","https://openalex.org/W2152826865","https://openalex.org/W2153293376","https://openalex.org/W2163626514","https://openalex.org/W2170854557","https://openalex.org/W4256035763","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6682691380"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1461621550","https://openalex.org/W2110459882","https://openalex.org/W2020350089","https://openalex.org/W2155775419","https://openalex.org/W2900492822","https://openalex.org/W2588330143","https://openalex.org/W3049153348","https://openalex.org/W2944714786","https://openalex.org/W2060290203","https://openalex.org/W2148585830"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,128],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"a":[5,51,57,90,145],"patch-based":[6],"regression":[7,100,123,129],"framework":[8,130],"for":[9,69,78,103,185],"addressing":[10],"the":[11,31,61,65,71,75,122,138,156,162,177,193,202,207],"human":[12,105],"age":[13,106,151],"and":[14,43,82,119,190],"head":[15,108,195],"pose":[16,109,196],"estimation":[17,152],"problems.":[18],"Firstly,":[19],"each":[20,45,117],"image":[21,46,171],"is":[22,36,47,67,86,101,131],"encoded":[23],"as":[24,50],"an":[25],"ensemble":[26],"of":[27,34,127],"orderless":[28],"coordinate":[29],"patches,":[30],"global":[32,62],"distribution":[33,53],"which":[35,180],"described":[37],"by":[38,55,89,133],"Gaussian":[39],"Mixture":[40],"Models":[41],"(GMM),":[42],"then":[44],"further":[48,87],"expressed":[49],"specific":[52],"model":[54],"Maximum":[56],"Posteriori":[58],"adaptation":[59],"from":[60],"GMM.":[63],"Then":[64],"patch-kernel":[66],"designed":[68],"characterizing":[70],"Kullback-Leibler":[72],"divergence":[73],"between":[74],"derived":[76],"models":[77],"any":[79],"two":[80],"images,":[81],"its":[83],"discriminating":[84],"power":[85],"enhanced":[88],"weak":[91],"learning":[92],"process,":[93],"called":[94],"inter-modality":[95],"similarity":[96],"synchronization.":[97],"Finally,":[98],"kernel":[99],"employed":[102],"ultimate":[104],"or":[107],"estimation.":[110],"These":[111],"three":[112,134],"stages":[113],"are":[114],"complementary":[115],"to":[116],"other,":[118],"jointly":[120],"minimize":[121],"error.":[124],"The":[125],"effectiveness":[126],"validated":[132],"experiments:":[135],"1)":[136],"on":[137,161,169,192],"YAMAHA":[139],"aging":[140,164],"database,":[141,165,197],"our":[142,166,198],"solution":[143,167,199],"brings":[144],"more":[146],"than":[147,176],"50%":[148],"reduction":[149],"in":[150,206],"error":[153],"compared":[154],"with":[155],"best":[157,203],"reported":[158,205],"results;":[159],"2)":[160],"FG-NET":[163],"based":[168],"raw":[170],"features":[172],"performs":[173],"even":[174],"better":[175],"state-of-the-art":[178],"algorithms":[179],"require":[181],"fine":[182],"face":[183],"alignment":[184],"extracting":[186],"warped":[187],"appearance":[188],"features;":[189],"3)":[191],"CHIL":[194],"significantly":[200],"outperforms":[201],"one":[204],"CLEAR07":[208],"evaluation.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}