{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2156301828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2003.1211511","title":"Word image matching using dynamic time warping","display_name":"Word image matching using dynamic time warping","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-11-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2156301828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2003.1211511","mag":"2156301828"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr.2003.1211511","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2003.1211511","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2003 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2003. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112783115","display_name":"T.M. Rath","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"T.M. Rath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multi-Media Indexing and Retrieval Group, Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multi-Media Indexing and Retrieval Group, Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055459215","display_name":"R. Manmatha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2315-8583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Manmatha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multi-Media Indexing and Retrieval Group, Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multi-Media Indexing and Retrieval Group, Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112783115"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.2769,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":570,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99260854,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"II","last_page":"521"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8702594041824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.8220139741897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-time-warping","display_name":"Dynamic time warping","score":0.7549029588699341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.7539461851119995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spotting","display_name":"Spotting","score":0.6936304569244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.6507035493850708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-recognition","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","score":0.6300727128982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5605071187019348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/index","display_name":"Index (typography)","score":0.5034031271934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-warping","display_name":"Image warping","score":0.4773814082145691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-matching","display_name":"Pattern matching","score":0.46454477310180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.46172183752059937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.35272419452667236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3428136706352234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.34277820587158203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.33636215329170227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.28788238763809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.08939656615257263}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8702594041824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.8220139741897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88516994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268863","display_name":"Dynamic time warping","level":2,"score":0.7549029588699341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.7539461851119995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779506182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7580141","display_name":"Spotting","level":2,"score":0.6936304569244385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6507035493850708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112640561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","level":3,"score":0.6300727128982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5605071187019348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6017816","display_name":"Index (typography)","level":2,"score":0.5034031271934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157202957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1659609","display_name":"Image warping","level":2,"score":0.4773814082145691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68859911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503724","display_name":"Pattern matching","level":2,"score":0.46454477310180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46172183752059937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.35272419452667236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3428136706352234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.34277820587158203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.33636215329170227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.28788238763809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.08939656615257263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/cvpr.2003.1211511","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/cvpr.2003.1211511","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2003 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2003. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.14.1326","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.14.1326","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ciir.cs.umass.edu/pubfiles/mm-38.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:works.bepress.com:r_manmatha-1033","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://works.bepress.com/r_manmatha/17","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402240","display_name":"ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","host_organization_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"R. Manmatha","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309515","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488981731","https://openalex.org/W1501400124","https://openalex.org/W1606953891","https://openalex.org/W2014425592","https://openalex.org/W2053406980","https://openalex.org/W2057175746","https://openalex.org/W2062832390","https://openalex.org/W2102813007","https://openalex.org/W2118013826","https://openalex.org/W2128160875"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1670332068","https://openalex.org/W2347413598","https://openalex.org/W1918542373","https://openalex.org/W2088615611","https://openalex.org/W71572444","https://openalex.org/W1997383766","https://openalex.org/W2154472250","https://openalex.org/W2350336482","https://openalex.org/W2229352698","https://openalex.org/W2390264616"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Libraries":[0],"and":[1,38,138],"other":[2],"institutions":[3],"are":[4,69,100,109],"interested":[5],"in":[6,66,92],"providing":[7],"access":[8,24],"to":[9,25,102],"scanned":[10],"versions":[11],"of":[12,16,62,105],"their":[13],"large":[14],"collections":[15],"handwritten":[17,90],"historical":[18,49,94],"manuscripts":[19],"on":[20,48,120],"electronic":[21],"media.":[22],"Convenient":[23],"a":[26,51,67],"collection":[27,68],"requires":[28],"an":[29,78,86],"index,":[30],"which":[31,108],"is":[32,139],"manually":[33],"created":[34],"at":[35],"great":[36],"labor":[37],"expense.":[39],"Since":[40],"current":[41],"handwriting":[42],"recognizers":[43],"do":[44],"not":[45],"perform":[46],"well":[47],"documents,":[50],"technique":[52],"called":[53],"word":[54,65,98],"spotting":[55],"has":[56],"been":[57],"developed:":[58],"clusters":[59],"with":[60],"occurrences":[61],"the":[63,126],"same":[64],"established":[70],"using":[71,112],"image":[72],"matching.":[73],"By":[74],"annotating":[75],"\"interesting\"":[76],"clusters,":[77],"index":[79],"can":[80],"be":[81],"built":[82],"automatically.":[83],"We":[84,116],"present":[85,117],"algorithm":[87,135],"for":[88],"matching":[89,143],"words":[91],"noisy":[93],"documents.":[95],"The":[96],"segmented":[97],"images":[99],"preprocessed":[101],"create":[103],"sets":[104,124],"1-dimensional":[106],"features,":[107],"then":[110],"compared":[111],"dynamic":[113],"time":[114],"warping.":[115],"experimental":[118],"results":[119],"two":[121],"different":[122],"data":[123],"from":[125],"George":[127],"Washington":[128],"collection.":[129],"Our":[130],"experiments":[131],"show":[132],"that":[133],"this":[134],"performs":[136],"better":[137],"faster":[140],"than":[141],"competing":[142],"techniques.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":33}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
